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1920's Germany (Recovery (Rentenmark: In November 1923 Stresemann …
1920's Germany
Recovery
Rentenmark: In November 1923 Stresemann created the Rentenmark. Their supply was tightly controlled and value tied to gold so it had real value. In August 1924 the Reichsbank was given control of the currency and it became the Reichsmark, and ended hyperinflation.
The Dawes Plan: In 1924 Charles Dawes designed a plan for Germany to pay its reparations. The instalments were temporarily reduced to £50 million a year and US banks gave loans to German industry.
The Young Plan: In August 1929 a committee set up by the allies proposed a plan. The total reparations were reduced from £6.6 billion to £2 billion and would be paid until 1988. The lower reparations meant lower taxes in Germany, but extreme parties opposed the idea.
Relationships
Locarno Pact(1925): This agreement included Germany, France, Britain, Belgium and Italy. It agreed to Germanys border and the permanent demilitarisation of the Rhineland. There was also discussion of Germany joining the League of nations.
League of Nations: They were set up to resolve problems without war in 1920, but Germany was initially excluded and only joined in 1926.
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Changes for workers
Women
Work: There was a 75% drop in women working from 1918 to 1925 and few women had secure high status jobs. More women started working part time and were encouraged to go to university.
Leisure: Women were less interested in marriage and more interested in fun. As a result some people were opposed to these changes as it went against traditional ideas.
Politics: Women earned the vote in 1918, and 90% turned out at elections. Article 109 stated women had equal rights with men and could enter similar jobs.
The hours worked were reduced and wages rose, but hyperinflation caused insecurity in jobs and well off Germans disliked the improvements for workers.
Work conditions were improved and 3% of earnings were put towards insurance for basic benefits in unemployment and sickness.
Cultural changes
Art: Artists wanted to make art representing everyday life to make it less exclusive, and wanted to comment on German society. This style was called expressionism, which focused on emotion and the negative side of life.
Cinema: Fills became popular everywhere and expressionism flourished especially in Weimar where there were less restrictions.
Architecture: New designs were made to challenge traditional architecture with different approaches that made new buildings stand out.