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Respiratory System (Breathing Mechanism (Visceral pleura - inner membrane…
Respiratory System
Breathing Mechanism
Visceral pleura - inner membrane of lungs
Pleural cavity - cavity in between visceral pleura and parietal pleura
Parietal Pleura - outer membrane of lungs
Intercostal muscles - muscles in between the ribs (aid in respiration)
Diaphragm - muscle at bottom of lungs
Atmospheric psi 760mmHg
Psi inside lungs(intrapulmonary psi) 760mmHg
Intrapleural pressure (pressure inside the pleural cavity) - 750mmHg
- Gases travel from higher to lower pressure
Inspiration
- Volume in lungs increases due to constriction of muscles
- Diaphragm contracts and moves down
- When intrapulmonary volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure decreases
- intrapulmonary volume and pressure have an inverse relationship
- Air will flow in
Expiration
- Intercostal muscles and diaphragm will relax
- diaphragm will move up back into place
- Intrapulmonary volume will decrease causing intrapulmonary pressure to increase
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Functions
- Deliver air to the lungs
- bring oxygen into the body (cells)
- Expel carbon dioxide back into the air
Volume
- Tidal Volume: amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath
- Inspiratory reserve: amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inspiration
- Expiratory reserve: amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume expiration
- Residual volume: Amount of air remaining after forced expiration
Capacity
- Total lung capacity: Max air contained in lungs after max inspiratory effort
- Vital capacity: Max air that can be inspired after max inspiratory effort
- Inspiratory capacity: Max amount of air that can be inspired after normal tidal volume expiration
- Functional residual capacity: Volume air remaining in lungs after normal tidal volume expiration
Respiratory diseases
-COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder): Chronic Bronchitis, emphysema, and athsma
- Lung cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in the lungs
- Pneumonia: bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
- Seasonal flu: a viral infection; many variations, changes rapidly year to year
- Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by myobacterium
External respiration
- dark red blood is filled with oxygen and returned to the heart
- hemoglobin is bound to red blood cells
- Oxygenated blood had higher psi than deoxygenated blood
- Deoxygenated blood expels blood into the lungs from the alveoli
Internal Respiration
- Tissue cells continuously use O2 for their metabolic activities and produce CO2
- O2 psi is always lower in tissues than in arteries
- O2 moves rapidly from blood into the tissues
- At the same time, CO2 moves quickly into the blood
- Gas exchanges that occur between blood and alveoli and between blood and tissue cells take place by simple diffusion