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Climate change (has an impact on (closely related to civil engineering…
Climate change
has an impact on
climate system
Environmental system
Society
closely related to civil engineering
infrastructure
due to
destruction of existing systems
increase in maintenance cost due to more extreme weather events
higher cost of new infrastructure to make it resilient
an example of it is
can use different types of measures
Grey
hard infrastructure
Green
ecosystem-based approach
with differences in the type of benefit
provisioning
regulating
habitat
cultural and amenity
part of it is
Soft
more management, policy or legal measures
Public policy
which can be a combination of
focus can be on
solving
mitigating
is adopted at different scales
International
Continental
National
have different evaluation tools depending on whether
it measures
progress
impacts
success
resilience instead of adaptation and vulnerability
the indicator is
objective
subjective
quantitative
qualitative
is a major reason for the need of
Resilience
can be achieved with
Green infrastructure
hard to quantify due to
Double counting
confusing economic impact
difference in benefit that could be gained and the benefit that is gained
can be adressed through
governance
configuration can be described
vertically
horizontally
uses
impacts can be reduced with
emergency management
as a last resort
evacuation
preferably
early warning system
consists of
early warning system itself
planning
Co-operation, discussion & communication
education & participation
excercises