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Respiratory System (Respiratory Tract: contains conductance, resistance,…
Respiratory System
Respiratory Tract: contains conductance, resistance, and exchange structures.
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carina
the point at which the trachea splits; causes intense coughing when stimulated by a suction catheter
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thoracic cavity
contains the pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, and mediastinum
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Lower Respiratory Tracts:Trachea - Bronchi - Bronchioles - Alveoli - Pleural Membranes - Muscles that form the chest cavity
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Major Organs
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bronchioles
the smallest tubes of the bronchus. Coming from the bronchi that contain clusters of alveoli at each end
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lung
the central organ of the respiratory system in which oxygen from the air is exchanged with carbon dioxide from the blood
alveoli
thin-walled microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
Lung Capacity
tidal volume (TV)
amount of air that enters the lungs in a single inhalation or leaves the lungs in a single exhalation of quiet breathing
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
complemental air; air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal respiration has taken place
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
supplemental air; amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal quiet respiration
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functional residual capacity (FRC)
air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation has taken place
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vital capacity (VC)
total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation; equal to the sum of TV, IRV, and ERV
Diseases
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Tachypnoea:Rapid breathing, as in pneumonia
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Haemoptysis:Coughing up of blood from the lungs, usually bright red and frothy
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Pleurisy:Inflammation of the pleura, producing fluid
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Atelectasis:Failure of the lungs to expand e.g. at birth, or collapse of the alveoli (air sacs)
Breathing Mechanism
Inspiration
intercostal muscles contract, moving ribcage up and out
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Expiration
intercostal muscles contract, moving ribcage up and out
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Respiration
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Externa: the exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
Bronchi
RIGHT BRONCHI: Shorter, wider, and straighter (more in line with trachea)
LEFT BRONCHI: Longer, narrower, and more oblique
Lungs
The right lung has two fissues and three lobes whereas the left has one fissure and two lobes (superior/inferior) the left lung has to make room for the heart
Major Function: supply the body with oxygen and dispose carbon dioxide but because it moves air, it also functions in speech and smell
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