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Respiratory System (Respiratory Disorders (Tuberculosis (Causes and Risk…
Respiratory System
Respiration
External
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Characteristics: -dark blood flows through respiratory circuit returned to heart for distribution by systematic arteries to all body tissues
Three Influences:
1) partial pressure gradients and gas solubilities
2) thickness and surface are of respiratory membrane
3)ventilation perfusion coupling(matching alveolar ventilation with pulmonary blood perfusion)
Internal
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Characteristics: -Capillary gas exchange in body tissues
-The partial pressure and diffusion gradient are reserved
-Occur between blood and alveoli and between blood tissue scale take place by simple diffusion
-Driven by partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide exit opposite sides
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Respiratory Volumes
Expiratory Reserve Volume: Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume expiration
AVG Value Male: 1200ml Female: 700ml
Residual Volume: Amount of air remaining in the lungs after forced expiration
AVG Value Male: 1200ml Female:1100mll
Inspiratory Reserve: Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inspiration
AVG Value Male: 3100 Female: 1900ml
Tidal Volume: Amount air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions
AVG Value Male:500ml Female: 500ml
Upper Respiratory Organs
The Nose: produces mucus,filters,warms,and moistens incoming air,resonace chamber for speech
Paranal Sibuses: Cavities in the cranial bones surrounding the nasal cavity that lighten the skull,may also warm,moisten and filter incoming air
Pharynx: Which has the three subdivisions nasopharnx,oropharynx and laryngopharynx. Houses the tonsils. It facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens
Differences
Right/Left Lung
Each lung is divided differently
-Left has two fissures and the right has three
-Right has superior,middle, and inferior lobe
-Left has the inferior and superior lobe
Right/Left Bronchi
-The right bronchi is wider,shorter, and straighter than the left because the heart is on the left side which needs more room
-They both divide into smaller and smaller branches
Respiratory Capacities
Vital Capacity: Max air can be expired after max inspiratory effort VC=TV+IRV+ERV
AVG Value Male:4800ml Female:3100ml
Inspiratory Capacity: Max amount air can be inspired after normal tidal volume expiration IC=TV+IRV
AVG Value Male:3600ml Female:2400ml
Total Lung Capacity: Max air contained in lungs after max inspiratory effort: TLC= TV+IRV+ERV+RV
AVG Value Male:6000ml Female:4200ml
Functional Residual Capacity: Volume air remaining in lungs after normal tidal volume expiration
AVG Value Male:2400ml Female:1800ml
Lower Respiratory Organs
Trachea: Air passagesway,cleans,warms,and moistens incoming air
Bronchial Tree: Air passageways connecting the trachea with alveoli,cleans,warms and moistens incoming air
Larynx: Connects to the trachea and it is the air passageway prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract. Also voice production
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