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STRUCTURES (FORCES ON STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS (Each of the elements in the…
STRUCTURES
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TYPES OF STRUCTURES
ARCH STRUCTURE
There are many types, but the semicircular arch, which was the Roman arch, is the most common.
In Roman times, arches were made of stones. The stone at the very top is called the “keystone”.
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The geometry of the arch displaces the forces to the sides, so that there is a large free space under the arch.
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FRAME STRUCRURES:
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These structures have long elements (bars, tubes...) joined to each other at the ends. The elements of frame structures are made of strong materials.
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Advantages of frame structures: they are relatively easy to design and build, inexpensive to manufacture, lightweight and do not require much material
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MASS STRUCTURE
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Advantages: the structure is held in place by its own weight; losing small parts has little effect on the overall strength of the structure.
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SHELL STRUCTURES
The shell can be thin because the forces are spread throughout the whole structure, dissipating the load all over the shell.
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Are made of a thin outer layer of material around a volume. That volume can be empty space or contain something with no structural relevance.
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SUSPENSION STRUCTURE
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The space between one column and the next is called the “span”. This type of structure has the longest span of all structures
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STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
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The column is another element, united to the foundation and to the primary beams.
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ANALYSIS OF A STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR,USING DIFFERENT MODELS
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It is important to know the mechanical properties of the materials that compose the structure.
Different materials have different properties.Ex:rubber.
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APPLICATIONS
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The design of the structure of an object helps reduce the amount of material used. This reduces the price and the weight and improves safety.
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The structure maintains the shape of things under the force of gravity, the force of wind, or any other force.