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Phlebotomy Ch.14: Lecture 2 (Blood donor collection (Volunteer (unit of…
Phlebotomy Ch.14: Lecture 2
BC collection
Prep site
scrub site w/ 70% alcohol to at least 1 1/2 in beyond puncture site
scrub w/ povidone iodine, then swab stick clean in concentric circles, inside to out and let dry
do not retouch site once cleaned
Prepare collection equipment
Collect samples and attend to pt
Blood donor collection
phleb. may be hired to work in blood banks as screeners and for collection
donors must be at least 17 yrs old, weigh at least 110 lbs, and not have donated blood in the past 8 weeks
screening includes registration, extensive interview and medical history, and a brief physical that includes a hemoglobin check
Volunteer
unit of blood is collected whose volume is about 450 cc
Autologous
blood donated by a pt for his/her own use during surgery
Therapeutic
the removal of blood as tx for polycythemia, too many rbc's, or hemochromatosis, excess iron in blood
Special Collections
Warm
cold agglutinin
test for antibodies to mycoplasma pneumonia
collect in prewarmed, red glass tube
test must be kept warm until serum is separated from rbc's or the antibodies in the serum will reattach to the rbc's and the test will be falsely lowered
chilled
chilling slows down metabolic processes that can alter test results
done by transporting the specimen in crushed ice, slurry, and delivery to the lab immed. for test
most common tests: ABG's, GBG's, and ammonia levels
Light Sensitive
exposure to light can cause some blood elements to break down and alter test results
for protection from light, wrap the tube in aluminum foil immed. after collection
most common tests: bilirubin, beta carotene, vitamin A, and B6 and porphyrins
Legal and Forensic Specimens
forensic types are those that may be used in legal proceedings; alcohol, drugs, DNA analysis, paternity
a chain of custody, COC, is the legal paper trail that maintains the integrity of the specimen from time of collection through testing process
legal alcohol collection
site must not be cleaned with alcohol of ANY kind
use a non alcoholic antiseptic, povidone iodine or chlorhexidine, or soap and water
fill the tube to minimize escape of alcohol into dead space
keep specimen capped until testing to prevent alcohol loss
Blood Smears
can be made from a dermal puncture or from a fresh EDTA tube not older than 2 hrs
are examined to differentiate the types of wbc's, to examine shape of RBC's, to count reticulocytes and for special staining
STEPS
prepare smear by placing a small drop about 1 in. from end of slide
place edge of "spreader" slide in front of the drop using a 25-30 degree angle
When blood spreads along the slide, move the spreader forward in one fluid motion produce a smear that goes from thick to thin, covering about 2/3 of the slide and with a feathered edge
Malaria smears
caused by a bloodborne parasite of the genus Plasmodium
dx made by blood smears collected just before the onset of fever and chills when the parasite is multiplying
testing requires 2-3 regular blood smears plus a thick smear which must dry for at least 2 hrs and is stained to look for parasites