Respiratory System

Major Functions

-Inhaling and exhaling
-Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood stream
-Exchange of O2 and CO2 between tissues and blood stream
-Creating vibrations or sound
-Sense of smell

Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract

  • Nasal Cavity
    -Pharynx
    -Larynx
    -Trachea
    -primary Bronchi(left and right)
    -Lungs (left and right)
    -Diaphragm
    -Rib Cage

Respiratory tract

Upper

Lower

-Trachea
-lungs
-bronchi
-bronchioles
-thoracic cage
-Diaphragm

-Para nasal sinuses
-nsal cavity
-soft plate
-hard plate
-nostril
oral cavity
-tongue
-pharynx
-larynx
-Vocal chords

lung differences

right

left

-Short, wide with no cardiac notch
-Has 3 lobes separated by 2 fissures
-10 bronchopulmonary segments;
3 in upper, 2 in middle, and 5 in lower lobe

-long, narrow with cardiac notch
-has 2 lobes separated by one fissure
-8 bronchopulmonary segments;
2 in upper, 2 in lingular, and 4 in lower lobe

Difference between primary Bronchi

left

right

-longer then right
-goes into left lung

-shorter than left
-enters into right lung

breathing mechanism

Inspiration

expiration

  • Air is in taken through the oral or nasal cavity
  • travels through trachea and into the left and right lungs causing contraction and a stretch in the lungs, rib cage, and diaphragm
  • inspiratory muscles relax
    -relaxation in lungs, rib cage and diaphragm
    -air goes out into the trachea and out through nasal or oral cavity

definitions of lung capacity termonology

-total lung capacity: volume of air in lungs after maximum inhalation
-Vital Capacity: maxim um volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum vol. of air is inhaled
-tidal volume: Volume of air taken in/out after inhaling/exhaling
-ventilation rate: number of inhalations or exhalations per minute

disorders of the respiratory system

-COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
-Tuberculosis: bacterial infection in respiratory system caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
-Pneumonia: bacterial or viral infection in lungs
-lung cancer: uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in lungs
-seasonal flu: viral infection