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Myocardial Infarction:<3: (Concepts (Peripheral Resistance (Determined…
Myocardial Infarction:<3:
Anatomy Of Heart
Superior Vena Cava
Circulates blood from DIAPHRAGM AND ABOVE
RETURNS DEOXYGENATED BLOOD TO HEART FOR
RE-OXYGENATION & RECIRCULATION
From head, neck, arm, and chest regions to right atrium
Inferior Vena Cava
Circulates blood from DIAPHRAGM AND BELOW
RETURNS DEOXYGENATED BLOOD TO HEART FOR RE-OXYGENATION & RECIRCULATION
LOWER PART OF BODY
Returns blood to right atrium
Right Pulmonary Artery
Carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs
Blood passes through capillaries and becomes oxygenated
Right Pulmonary Veins
Transfers oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
Right Atrium
Superior chamber of heart
Receives deoxygenated blood from superior/inferior vena cavas
Pumps blood into the right ventricle which sends it to lungs to become oxygenated
Right Coronary Artery
Supplies blood to:
Right Ventricle
Right Atrium
Sinoatrial (SA) Nodes
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Atrioventricular (AV) Nodes
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Anterior Cardiac Vein
Drain the right ventricle into the right atrium
Right Ventricle
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Pathway of Blood Through Heart
Right Side
Deoxygenated blood is received through the Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary trunk semi-lunar valve
Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Circuit
Left Side
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic Semi-Lunar Valve
Aorta
Brachial Cephalic Trunk
Common Carotid
Subclavian Artery
Systemic Circuit
Role of Valves in Heart
PREVENT BACKWARD FLOW OF BLOOD
Role of Papillary Muscles in Heart
Located in Ventricles of Heart
Attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves via chordae tendinae
CONTRACT TO PREVENT INVERSION/PROLAPSE OF THESE VALVES ON VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION
Actual flaps located at each end of ventricle
Normal Heart Sounds
LUB DUB
First Lub Dub
Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve & Tricuspid Valve Closing
Second Lub Dub
Aortic and Pulmonary Semilunar Valve Closing
Relationship between Heart Function and Blood Pressure
Poor Heart Function
Ex: Clogged Arteries
Heart has to work harder to pump blood, leading to higher blood pressure
Healthy Heart Function
Healthy blood vessels dilate to allow more blood to flow through easily
Essentially no problem with increased/decreased blood pressure
Relationship between Heart Function and Respiratory Rate
Increased Respiratory Rate = Increased Heart Rate
When the heart is functioning at a more rapid rate, there is a bigger need for oxygen
Heart Intensity Increases, Lungs work MORE to take in O2 to give to blood and muscles
Decreased Respiratory Rate = Decreased Heart Rate
Basic Anatomy
Right Side
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD
Left Side
OXYGENATED BLOOD
If any part of the heart is not working correctly, this will lead to respiration problems
Concepts
Heart Rate
The speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute
Stroke Volume
Volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat
Cardiac Output
Describes the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, from the left and right ventricle
Mean Arterial Pressure
Average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole
Average Blood Pressure
Preload
The initial stretching of the cardiac myocytes (muscle cells) prior to contraction
Related to Ventricular Filling
Afterload
The pressure the heart must work against to eject blood during systole (ventricular contraction)
Peripheral Resistance
Resistance of the arteries to blood flow
As arteries constrict, resistance increases
As Arteries dilate, resistance decreases
Determined by 3 Factors
Autonomic Activity
Drugs, such as vasoconstrictors
Blood Viscosity
Upstream
History of OBESITY
History of DM II
Age: 60
EXPERIENCED A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
HEART ATTACK
Downstream
Failed Mitral Valve
Mitral Valve does not close fully
Allows blood to flow backwards into heart
As a result, heart cannot pump effiiciently
Leading to
Low O2 levels
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Irregular Heartbeat
Swelling of ankles and feet
Can cause other complications such as
Atrial Fibrillation
Pulmonary Hypertension
Blood Clots
Heart Failure
Stroke
Further Consequences
Damage to heart muscle
Leading to less efficient pumping of blood throughout body
Other bodily systems will have to work harder to maintain homeostasis, such as the respiratory system
How this will affect other bodily systems
Urinary
The heart pumps blood to the kidneys, which then filters and cleans the blood
Without a healthy heart, the kidneys will not get the oxygen rich blood it needs to do its many jobs
Decreased urine output
Can lead to kidney disease
Respiratory
The lungs are the first stop for the blood to become REOXYGENATED
Without this pitstop, the body will not receive the O2 needed to maintain homeostasis
MAJOR SYSTEM TO MAINTAIN BODILY FUNCTIONS
Nervous
If blood flow is interrupted to the brain, NEUROLOGICAL FUNCTION IS COMPROMISED
BRAIN REQUIRES OXYGEN TO WORK
Crucial to survival of organism
PQRST of ECG
A way for patients to be able to describe and assess the amount of pain they are experiencing
The sinoatrial node (SA) is the pacemaker of the heart and produces the P wave
The QRS wave is produced by the atrioventricular node (AV)
P wave in an ECG complex indicates atrial depolarization
T wave is ventricular repolarization
QRS is responsible for ventricular depolarization
Electrical Conduction Pathway of Heart
SA Node causes atrial muscles to contract
Signal travels to AV node
Bundle of HIS
Bundle Branches
Through the Purkinje fibers, causing ventricles to contract