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ROPS Week 2- Religion, Nationalism and War in Judea: The Jewish Revolts…
ROPS Week 2- Religion, Nationalism and War in Judea: The Jewish Revolts against Rome
For many people, Jerusalem is centre of the world
'Abrahamic Religions'- 'God of Abraham'- Judaism- Christianity- Islam- Druze- Samaritans- Rastafarians- monotheistic- Prophets- divine law and ethics- written scripture- apocalyptic- Jerusalem
Judea- Judaism develops here- becomes part of Greek empire- Hellenic influence- ruled by Seleucids 198-141 BCE- creeping Greek influence becomes a problem
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Romans find Jewish culture problematic- potential for conflict between Romans and Jews- Roman pretty tolerant with religion but not with Jewish law and politics
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Romans were polytheists
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Worship through divination, prayer and sacrifice
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Romans tolerated Jewish monotheism- didn't agree on culture and religion- respected antiquity of Judaism as long as it didn't get political
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Freedom fighters, or terrorists, fighting against the Romans- zealots- hard-line religious fanatic assassinating people and causing trouble
Series of poor administrations in Judea e.g. Pontius Pilate- infuriated the Jews- appropriated Temple funds- annoyed the Jews
Caligula/Gaius- wanted to be worshipped as a god- bit mad- possibly married his sister- possibly made a horse senator- threatened to set up a statue of himself in Jerusalem Temple
66-70 CE- The ‘Jewish Revolt’- suppressed by Romans severely- sacked Jerusalem and destroyed the Temple in 70
132-135 CE- Shimon Bar Kochba leads another revolt against the Romans- they lose and are driven from Jerusalem
E. Mary Smallwood, ‘Jews and Romans in the Early Empire’
60s BC- Pompey’s campaigns brought Palestine into Roman control- influx of Jews into Rome as prisoners-of-war and slaves- problem of treatment of Dispersion Jews brought to government- a policy had to evolved
Dispersion began with the exile of the Old Testament- led Jews to live on edges of Roman Empire e.g. Mesopotamia and Babylonia- Ptolemaic Era saw them go to Alexandria, which had a section for Jews- 30% of city’s population by 1st century AD