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Respiratory System (Definitions of Lung Capacity Terminology (Tibial…

- - - - Causes
        
        Bacterial Infection
        
        Viral infection
        
        Aspiration
      - Symptoms
        
        Fever
        
        Shortness of breath
        
        Chills
      - Treatment
        
        Over the counter medication
        
        Antibiotics
        
        Oxygen therapy
  - - - Causes
        
        Smoking
        
        Second-hand smoke
        
        Radon Gas
      - Symptoms
        
        Chest pain
        
        Shortness of breath
        
        Blood in septum
      - Treatment
        
        Radiation
        
        Chemotherapy
        
        Surgical Removal
  - - - Causes
        
        Tabacco smoke
        
        Air pollution
        
        Age
      - Symptoms
        
        Chronic cough
        
        Wheezing
        
        Tight chest
      - Treatment
        
        Medication
        
        Antibiotics
        
        Lung reduction
  - - - Causes
        
        Inhaled in respiratory droplets
        
        Age
        
        Occupation
      - Symptoms
        
        Dry cough
        
        Fatigue
        
        Congestion
      - Treatment
        
        Early vaccination
        
        Over-the-counter medication
        
        Antiviral medication
- - - - Cavities within bones
        
        Frontal; sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary bone
        
        Lighten the skull
        
        Resonance chambers for speech
        
        Produce mucus
    - - Olfactory receptors (sense of smell) located in mucosa on superior surface
      - Rested lined with respiratory mucosa
        
        Moistens air
        
        Traps incoming foreign particles
      - Lateral walls have conchae
        
        Increases surface area
        
        Increases air turbulences within the nasal cavity
    - - Muscular passage from nasal cavity to larynx
      - Three regions of the pharynx
        
        Nasopharynx
        
        Superior region behind nasal cavity
        
        Oropharynx
        
        Middle region behind mouth
        
        Laryngopharynx
        
        Inferior region attached to larynx
        
        Oropharynx and laryngopharynx are common passageways for air and food
    - - Air enters through nostrils
      - Nasal cavity: divided by nasal septum
  - - - Connects larynx with bronchi
      - Fairly rigid because of C-shaped rings made of hyaline cartilage to keep airway open at all times
      - Lined with ciliated mucosa
        
        Beat continuously in opposite direction of incoming air
        
        Mucus loaded with dust and other debris away from lungs
    - - Formed by division of trachea
      - Enters the lung at hilus
      - Right bronchus is wider, shorter, and straighter than the left, due to the presence of the heart on the left side
      - Bronchi subdivide into smaller and smaller branches
    - - Occupy most of thoracic cavity
      - Apex is near clavicle (superior portion)
      - Base rests on diaphragm (inferior portion)
      - Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures (2 on left; 3 on right)
- - - - Moving air in and out of the lungs
    - - Oxygen carried as oxynemogoblin in blood
    - - Exchange of gasses between blood and body cells
- - - - Scalene muscles, sternocleidomastoid, and pectorals minor
  - - - Diaphragm and rib muscles relax
      - Elastic recoil of stretched elastic fibers of lungs decrease lung volume and increase pressure, forcing air out of the lungs