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Food and Digestion (PARTS OF THE MOUTH (TONGUE (Fleshy muscular organ,…
Food and Digestion
PARTS OF THE MOUTH
LIPS
- Help in keeping the mouth closed and speech
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UVULA
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- Helps in speech and swallowing
PAPILLAE
- Present on the surface of the tongue
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TONGUE
- Fleshy muscular organ, attached to the mouth floor
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STOMACH
- J shaped, muscular and elastic.
- Inner walls also lined with GASTRIC GLANDS that produce gastric juice rich in HYDROCHLORIC ACID and PEPSIN - protein digesting enzyme.
- HCl provides the acid conditions that Pepsin needs to start the breakdown of proteins.
- Inner walls lined with smooth muscles that churn the food as food remains here for 3-4 hrs.
- Food is churned up by the muscles as they send peristalic waves @ the rate of 3 per minute.
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- Exits the stomach through the valves called SHPINCLES .
NUTRIENTS
FAT
- Made up of large amounts of carbon, hydrogen and few oxygen molecules.
- Form the cell membranes
- used to store energy
- the liquid fat produced by animals like oil.
- LARD- Fat produced in animals
CARBOHYDRATES
- Made up of large amounts of h2, o2 and c.
- used ans fuels for keeping the body alaive as can be released quickly
- Forms cellulose, it cannot be digestedin our body but allows the muscles of the gut to push the food along. Called as DIETARY FIBRE
Proteins
- made up of hydrogen oxygen carbon and nitrogen, sometimes also made up of sulpur and phosphurous.
- Amoino acids
- buils the sturctures in cells
- form tissyes and organs
- help in growth
- help in repairing the body such as cut skin and to replace tissues being worn out .
- ENZYMES are made up of protein s
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Minerals
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some like zinc are needed in small quantiities , called trace elements
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SALIVARY GLANDS
- Has 3 pairs of glands that produce saliva in response to taste, smell, seeing food or even feeling hungry
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- Saliva has in enzyme called AMYASE that starts the partial breakdown of starch in the mouth
- Also helps in mixing and dissolving food, cleaning the mouth, and destroying germs
TYPES OF TEETH
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MOLARS
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- Chrushing / grinding food
PREMOLARS
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- Chrushing / grinding food
OESOPHAGUS
- Long narrow tube connecting the mouth to the stomach.
- A.K.A = Gullet
- Has 2 layers of muscles:
Outer Longitudinal muscle- arranged lengthwise that contract, to stretch the inner muscles.
Inner Circular muscle- arranged facing the oesophagus wall all around that contracts to squeeze the food.
- Muscle layers contract and relax alternatively creating a wave - like motion called PERISTALISIS.
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