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Chapter 16 : Genetics (Mono-hybrid Crosses (Complete Dominance (One…
Chapter 16 : Genetics
Mono-hybrid Crosses
Complete Dominance
One character dominates the other
The other character is recessive
Test Crosses
used to assess the genotype of a particular phenotype that is none to be dominant
Heterozygote Self Crossing
Reproducing with self
Causes variant offspring
Multiple Alleles
multiple alleles arise from
synapomorphisms in proteins
Incomplete Dominance Crossing
Red and White P-Generation
Pink F1-Generation
Concepts
Alleles
Expressed gene differentials
Genotype
Alleles present in the individual
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Genetics
Study if inheritance
Phenotype
Physical expressed characteristics of the individual
Mutations
Effects of Mutations
Complete destruction
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Relatively nothing at all
Mutations are almost always deleterious
Somatic Mutations
Not passed on to the offspring
Causes of Mutations
mutagens
Radioactive particles
chemicals
UV light
DNA Repair Processes
Must be present or mutation will kill the organism
Must not work too well or no one has selective advantage.
this makes evolution an impossibility
Must've developed over a long period of time with every mutated organism dying
Other Aspects of Inheritance
Lethal Alleles
Normally recessive
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Normally homozygous
Multiple Sets of Chromosomes
polyploid
Maternal Inheritance
only the egg donates plastid and mitochondrion genes
Gene Families
Di-hybrid Crosses
Crossing-Over
moving from one chromosome to the other even across large regions
Linkage
genes too close together to be independently assorted
Independent Assortment
Process of moving without regard to other alleles
Replication of DNA
Transposable Elements
Transposon
Larger genes that don't always code for its removal
Could be virulent
Insertion Sequence
Code the enzyme that removes it
Semi-conservative method
DNA
replicons
Primer RNA
DNA Polymerase
New DNA
Primer RNA
DNA Polymerase
New DNA
Multiple Gene for One Character
Trait Loci
pleiotropic effects
Multiple phenotype effects
Alleles
Counter Intuitive System
Recessive
