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League of Nations in the 1920s (Social Affairs To improve working and…
League of Nations in the 1920s
Memebrship
To have a Broad Membership
Weaknesses
Quality Of Memebrship
USA – refuses to join because the public wants isolation
USSR – not allowed to join because they were communists
Germany – not allowed to join because they were not peace loving and could only join later when they proved to be peaceful
Britain, France – They would have a big responsibility and the expenses were high since they had just gone through WW1
Strengths
Quantity Of Memebership
The League had 63 members in Total ranging in countries all over the world
Borders
To Settle Disputes Peacfully
Failures
Ruhr Crisis – The League did nothing when France and Belgium invaded Germany because they couldn’t complete their payments
Corfu – The League made Greece pay compensation since they didn’t want to take a firm line against a powerful country such as Italy
Vilna – They refused to act as France wanted Poland as an ally against Germany despite Poland being the aggressor against Lithuania
Fiume- The league did nothing when the Italians seized the Yugoslavian port and later when it was annexed they still ignored it
Successes
Upper Silesia – They hosted a Plebiscite and both Germany and Poland were contented with the decision of the split
Memel- The port was in debate between Lithuania and Poland and it was given as an international port so both countries were happy
Aaland Islands – The League gave it to Finland though the Island had to be disarmed and this was accepted by Finland and Sweden
War of Stray Dog – They prevented a War after they told Greece to withdraw from their attack on Bulgaria
Social Affairs
To improve working and living conditions
WHO (World Health Organisation)
Problem: Outbreaks of Malaria and Typhus
Solution: Mosquito extermination programme to contain Malaria and Typhus contained by good healthcare on the Russian borders
Refugee Organisation under Nansen
Problem: Massive population displacement
Solution: Refugee Camps set up in Turkey with Food and Medicines and Nansen Passports given out to repatriate prisoners of war.
ILO (International Labour Organisation under Albert Thomas)
Problem: Terrible Working Conditions caused by war and border disputes
Solution: Banning Toxic lead in paints and countries adopted a 48 hour working hours week.
Slavery Organisation
Problem: Lots of Distress that could lead to revolutions
Solution: Releasing Slaves in Sierra Leone and reduced death rate of forced workers in Tanganyika
Disarmament
To promote world disarmament
Why were countries unwilling to disarm?
Britain needed arms to protect and guard their country and they were waiting for someone else to start disarming first
Germany didn’t disarm completely as they wanted other countries to start disarming because they found it unfair
France needed their country secure and ready to defend as they thought Germany could always rebuild with stronger weapons
Failures
Washington Agreement: Britain and France had a private naval deal with Usa and Japan
Maginot Line: France started building fortifications on German borders after the invasion of Ruhr which was to extract reparations
Rapallo Treaty: Germany receiving military supplies from the USSR
Kellogg-Briand Pact: Promise to renounce war as an instrument of national policy though there was no way to enforce the promise
Why was disarmament so important to people in the interwar period
?
Wilson: To maintain world peace with no violence and war
Einstein: To prevent sudden and surprise attacks and build confidence between countries
PM Stanley: He believed that Great armaments lead inevitably to war so he wanted partial disarmament
Successes
Private Deals: They were now passed to the League, who approved them and published them for everyone to be aware so there was trust and no suspicion
Aims
Military: Encourage world disarmament
Social: Improve living and working conditions
Political: Discourage aggression through collective security
Economic: Get countries to co-operate rather than compete in business and trade
Structure
To be Efficient and Effective
Failures
Without an Army they felt weak
Veto for permanent members = unfair
Unanimous Voting is when everyone
agrees with the same decision
Succeses
Administration
Council (Executive): Group of 4 permanent members that settle international disputes and finalize recommendations from the Assembly
International Court of Justice (Judiciary):To settle, international law, legal disputes submitted by States, and. To give advisory opinions on legal questions
Assembly (Legislature): Large Group of Members that discusses All matters to recommend to the Council
Actions
Economic Sanctions: No Trade with the Aggressor
Military Action: League's Own Army
Moral Condemnation: Public View on the Aggressor