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population and genetic evolution (natural selection (survival of fitest,…
population and genetic evolution
population genetics
deals with abundance of different alleles within a population
gene pool
total number of alleles in sex cell of individual
Factors that causes gene pool to change
mutation
Existing alleles decreases in frequency
new alleles increases
one copy is infinite increase over zero copies
single copy should not be ignored
accidents
Events to which an organism cannot adapt
example
volcanic eruption produces poisonous gases
floods, hailstorm or drought act as accidents
artificial selection
Also called selective breeding
selection applied by humans in order to produce genetic change
human select organism to reproduce
natural selection
survival of fitest
population must produce offspring than can grow
progeny must differ from each other
operates in fungus, only weaken plants don't kill them
speciation
new species to evolve
two types
phyletic speciation
one species changes to new species
gene flow
movement of alleles physically through space
occurs in many ways
pollen transfer
allele movement are rapid
it's sperm fertilize eggs to form new seeds
one full haploid genome, all alleles of plant are present
seed disposal
seeds and fruits fall close to parents
many species have long distant dispersal
seed germinate into new plant develops
reproduce new alleles
vegetative propagation
species produces small pieces to reproduce
contribute to gene flow
divergent speciation
types
abiological reproductive barriers
prevents growth flow
mutation inhibits pigment synthesis
species grow but don't hybrid
adaptive radiation
new species diverges over short period of time
first founder individual
initial gene pool is small
gene pool change rapidly and erratically
condition of earth before origin
chemical present in atmosphere
lack of molecular oxygen
presence of powerful reducing agents
first atmosphere replace by second
energy source
light energy supplied alot
heat energy available to power reaction
time available for origin
had no limits
lack of free molecules
ocean of time has been called dilute soup
