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Chapter 16: Genetics (Monohybrid Crosses (Crossing Heterozygote with Self:…

- - - - can also be selfed by being crossed w/ another plant w/ same genotype
  - - - F2: offspring of F1 generation
- - - - includes certain chemicals, ultraviolet light, x-rays, & radiation
    - - DNA polymerase passes by loop w/o reading the bases in it
    - - transposable elements: pieces of DNA that readily change positions from chromosome to chromosome
        
        2 basic forms
        
        insertion sequences: contain genes that code for enzymes involved cutting insertion sequence out & splicing it elsewhere
        
        only few thousand base pairs long
        
        transposon: carries genes that code for proteins not in transposition
        
        similar to insertion seq. except may be longer
  - - - too efficient: all cells of individual would be completely identical, making sexual reproduction useless
      - too inefficient: cells become not functional due to lack of repair
- - - - recombinant chromosomes: formed from crossing-over of homologous chromosomes & recombination alleles
- - - - free nucleotides diffuse to regions of single-stranded DNA & pair with base
        
        ribonucleotides polymerized into short pieces of primer RNA
        
        act as substrates for DNA polymerase
        
        enters and adds depxyribo
        
        aprox. 10 nucleotides long