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(ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT (Etymology (in narrow sense (Linguistic…

- - - - Pragma- (<Latin do, act)
    - - Linguistic communication
      - how to do things with words
  - - - | 3 aspects of semiotic inquiry | |
      - | ----------------------------- | ----------------------- |
      - | Syntactics / syntax | Symbols -- symbols |
      - | Semantics | Symbols -- referents |
      - | Pragmatics | Symbols -- interpreters |
  - - - Course in General Linguistics by F. de Saussure[Swiss] beginning of the early 20th century
        
        making the birth of modern linguistics
      - Anglo-American tradition of study
        
        Studies on the American continent
        
        J. Bloomfield et al.
        
        long period after Saussure
        
        American structuralism
        
        N. Chomsky: late 1950s
        
        syntax-centered
        
        narrow discipline, physical data of speech
        
        1960s-1070s
        
        meaning into a formal linguistic theory
        
        Context
        
        Broad discipline, form, meaning and context
        
        British tradition in academic pursuit
        
        M.A.K. Halliday
        
        a social view of language/functional perspective
        
        language functions & social needs
        
        functional langauge theories have played a role in promting the development of pragmatics
        
        J. Firth (influenced by Polish snthropologist B. Malinowski )
        
        1930s only in context can language meaning be identified
        
        Pragmatics as an independent branch of linguistics
        
        in 1977, the publication of the Journal of Pragmatics was regarded as the sign of pragmatics as an independent branch of linguistics. (Jacob L. Mea as the founding editor)
        
        in 1986, the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) was established
        
        Contributions from different perspectives
        
        Philosophers' contribution to pragmatics
        
        School of ideal language philosophy
        
        study of logical systems of artificial languages
        
        development of today's formal semantics
        
        School of ordinary language philosophy
        
        Speech Act Theory (by J. Austin)
        
        Cooperative Principle (by P. Grice)
        
        Perspectives of sociology and psychologists
        
        in the 1960s-70s
        
        H. Sacks, E.A. Schegloff, G. Jefferson
        
        analysis of authentic conversations by applying sociological research methods
        
        Since the late 1980s
        
        Cognitice pragmatics
        
        Relevance Theory (by Sperber & Wilson)
- - - - sound vs. phonology
    - - morphology vs. syntax
    - - semantics vs. pragmatics