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Period 5 - Important Points (The Compromise of 1850 (Henry Clay) (Give…
Period 5 - Important Points
Conflicts Between the North and the South
Constitutional disputes over the nature of the federal Union and states’ rights.
Economic differences between the industrialized North and the agricultural South over such issues as tariffs, banking, and internal improvements.
Slavery as a growing moral issue in the North versus its defense and expansion in the South.
Abolition
Hinton R. Helper, Impending Crisis of the South - Book of nonfiction that attacked slavery using statistics to demonstrate to fellow southerners (he was from NC) that slavery had a negative impact on the South's economy; Southern states banned the book but used by the North.
Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin - Influential book about the conflict between a slave named Tom and the brutal white slave owners Simon Legree; moved a generation of northerners as well as many Europeans to regard all slave owners as cruel and inhuman; Southerners believed it to be proof of northern prejudice
Underground Railroad - A network of people who helped thousands of enslaved people escape to the North by providing transportation and hiding places.
Political blunders and extremism on both sides, which some historians conclude resulted in unnecessary war.
Free-Soil Movement
Northerners did not oppose slavery in the South, they just didn’t want its expansion to the west.
Free Soil Part: Prevented the extension of slavery, advocated for internal improvements and free homestead (public land grants to small farmers)
Northern Democrats and Whigs supported the Wilmot Proviso and the position that all African Americans (Slave and Free) should be excluded from the Mexican Cession.
The Compromise of 1850 (Henry Clay)
Give land in dispute between Texas and New Mexico to federal government in return for paying Texas' public debt of 10 million
Ban slave trade in D. C., but permit slaveholding
Divide the remainder of the Mexican Cession into New Mexico and Utah (popular sovereignty)
New Fugitive Slave Law to be enforced
Admit California to the Union as a free state
Strengths for Union and Confederacy
Union
Food productions
Railroad system
Railroad were important in war because millions of soldiers mobilized tons of supplies. Allowed large armies to assemble and move, but forced to protect stationary lines. Telegraph limited but allowed commanders to communicate during fight
More manpower
Diversified industries
Confederacy
More veteran generals
Highly motivated soldiers
"King Cotton"
Cotton was the driving force behind the South's economy.
Familiar fighting grounds