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70 year old woman with breathing difficulty (Physiology (Boyle's law…
70 year old woman with breathing difficulty
Viral Pneumonia
shallow breathing and wet wheezy cough
fluid in the lungs
Pumonary edema
Pulmonary Edema affects the ability of the alveoli to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide
Pulmonary edema is complicated by high altitude since there is less oxygen in the air affecting pulmonary profusion
High altitude strains the lungs ability to respirate, normal atmospheric pressure is around 760, Denver's is 615, limiting lung capacity
Inflammation from pulmonary edema causes diffusion difficulties due to accumulation of puss on the alveoli
Treatement
Intravenous antibiotics to fight off bacterial infections
respiratory therapy-specific medications directly delivered to the lungs/breathing exercises
Oxygen therapy-maintain O2 levels in the blood
Antivral medication
cough medicine
breathing returns to normal
body acclimatizes to atmospheric pressure
Untreated
neutrophils create hypochlorite to fight the infection but damage the lungs
possible lung aspiration
known to lead to further bacterial infection in the lungs
further decreased breathing ability
Death
Anatomy
Lungs
bronchi
trachea
larynx
pharynx
oral cavity
Nostrils
warms & adds moisture to air
Physiology
Boyle's law-pressure decrease as volume increases, pressure increases as volume of lungs decreases
quiet expiration-atmospheric pressure is equal to intrapulmonary pressure
intrapulmonary pressure drops below atmospheric pressure air flow in
intrapulmonary pressure reaches equal to atmospheric pressure inhalation stops
intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure air flows out
intrapulmonary pressure reaches equal to atmospheric pressure exhalation stops
Fick's Law-the rate of diffusion of a gas across a permeable membrane is determined by the chemical nature of the membrane itself, the surface area of the membrane, the partial pressure gradient of the gas across the membrane, and the thickness of the membrane
Partial pressure-the pressure that would be exerted by one of the gases in a mixture if it occupied the same volume on its own
elevation affects inspiration of partial pressure
type 2 cells in the alveoli most numerous in alveoli
produce lamellar bodies that fuse with the cell membranes and secrete pulmonary surfactant which reduces surface tension
type 1 cells in the alveoli cover 95% of the alveolar surface
involved in gas exchange between alveoli and blood, the simple squamous epithelium promotes diffusion
Cellular respiration/glucose & other fuel molecules are oxidized there chemical energy is transferred to form ATP
Carbon atoms of exchange fuel molecules are released as CO2 waste product during immediate stage citric acid cycle