Penile cancer
Risk factors
Phimosis
HPV infection
Tobacco use
Penile trauma
Smegma
HlV & AIDS
Complications
Wound infection
Serom
Skin flap necrosis
Phlebitis
Lymphedema of the scrotum and lower extremities
Treatment
Biologic therapy
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Internal
External
Surgery
Local excision
Laser therapy
Mohs micrographic surgery
Photodynamic therapy
Amputation of the penis
Circumcision
Pharmacotherapy
Cisplatic
Bleomycin
Methotrexate (otrexup, Ravuso, Rheumatrex)
Ifosfamide (ifex)
Clinical manifestations
An area of skin becoming thicker
Changes in the skin colour
A lump
An ulcer that might bleed
A reddish velvety rash under the foreskin
Small crusty bumps
Smelly discharge or bleeding under the foreskin
Swelling
Diagnostic procedures
Chest X-ray
Magnetic resonance imaging
Computed tomography
Ultrasound
Biopsy
Excision biopsy
Incisional biopsy
Lymph node biopsy
Types
Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Sarcoma
Prevention
Circumcision
Personal hygiene
Lifestyle factors
Staging and grading
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 1
Stage 4
Stage 0
Abnormal cells or growth that look like warts are found on the surface of the skin of the penis. These abnormal cells or growth may become cancer and spread to nearby tissues
Cancer has formed and spread to connective tissue just under the skin of the penis. Cancer has not spread to lymph vessels or blood vessels.
Cancer has spread to connective tissue just under the skin of the penis. Also, cancer has spread to lymph vessels or blood vessels or tumour cells may look very different from normal cells under a microscope
Cancer has spread to one of the lymph node in the groin. Cancer has also spread to connective tissue just under the skin of the penis
Cancer has spread to tissues near the penis such as the prostate, and may have spread to lymph nodes in the groin or pelvis.
Nursing intervention
Maintaining tissue integrity
Promoting nutrition
Relieving pain
Decreasing fatigue
Improving body image and self- esteem
Assisting in grieving process
Monitoring & managing potential complications
Promoting home and community based care
Pathophysiology
Some appear as white grey exophytic masses growing out of the penile skin and often cover the entire glans or produce before invading into the corpora and shaft of the penis.
Appearance can vary greatly
Penile cancer traditional begin as small lesions most commonly on the glands or produce.