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70 year old woman who has developed pneumonia (Effects on other Systems…
70 year old woman who has developed pneumonia
Viral infection in the lungs
Susceptible due to weak Immune system
Causes the fluid build up (pneumonia)
Alveoli inflamed
GAS LAWS
Henry
Solubility Of a gas in a liquid
Dalton
Sum of partial pressures = total atmospheric pressure
Boyle's
Increase in Volume = Decrease in Pressure
Causes
Elderly
Poor Immune system
Susceptible to infections/virus
moving to new location = new bacteria
Alveoli misshapen
Poor gas exchange
No O2 diffusion
Build up of CO2
Weak muscles
Diaphragm
Lungs can't expand properly
Weakened Bones
Misshapen ribcage
Lung can't expand properly
Not enough air gets in
Higher elevation
Changes the partial pressure of atmospheric O2
Decreases
Less oxygen will be entering the lungs
Increase respiration rates
Stress on lungs
Infection
Coughing
Inflammation
difficulty breathing
Pneumonia
Fluid in lungs
no gas exchange
Too many problems for body to keep up with
Moved to higher elevation
Less oxygen into lungs
Pair this with weakened diaphragm and lungs
Difficulty Breathing
Body works harder to supply itself with O2
70 years old
Weakened immune System
Increase risk for infection
Muscles weakened
Including diaphragm
Difficulty breathing
Alveoli lose shape
Inflammation
In alveoli
Scaring causing inflexibility
Emphysema
Pus fills the sacs
Pneumonia
Bronchi
Thick Mucus
Cough
Bronchitis
Chest pain
Does not allow oxygen to diffuse properly to body
Carbon dioxide also has difficulty exiting the body
Aveoli Physiology
Oxygen Diffuses into capillaries to the blood
Carbon Dioxide Diffuses out of the capillaries into the alveoli
Type 1
Allows diffusion to the blood
Type 2
Secrete Surfactant to keeps lungs from collapsing
Partial Pressure
The pressure exerted by a particular gas
i.e.: oxygen, nitrogen, CO2
Increasing elevation = decreased ATM pressure
Decreased ATM = Decrease in partial pressures
This is because total of partial pressures= ATM
This does not necessarily change concentration of gases
Untreated
Fluid build up in the lungs
Abcesses
"drowning"
COPD
Death
Why the Symptoms?
Fast shallow breathing
Alveoli are misshapen
Diaphragm can't open lungs enough
Body wants to compensate for lack of Oxygen
Causes fast respiratory rate
Wet wheezy cough
Airways inflamed
Wheezy
Pus or fluid in the lungs
wet cough
Fluid in the lungs
Alveoli are inflamed
Pus develops
Effects on other Systems
Kidney
Due to lack of oxygen more EPO produced
Production of immature RBC
Circulatory
Organs do not get enough O2
Build up of CO2
Organ failure/damage
Overwork the heart
Digestive
Nausea and vomting
Nervous
Kill brain cells lack of O2
Sepsis
Blood infection
spreads to other organ systems
damage or failure
Coughing wil cause inflammation to other parts of respiratory system
weaken immune system
LUNG ANATOMY
Right Lung
3 Lobes
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Left Lung
2 Lobes
Cardiac Notch
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Bronchi
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Main Bronchi
Lobar
Segmental
Smaller
Pleura
Visceral
Adheres tightly to lung surface
Parietal
Lines internal thoracic wall
Alveoli
Type 1cells
Flat Cells
Type 2 cells
Surfactant
Prevents lungs collapsing