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Life Science: Genes and Molecular Machines (Flowering Plants and Seeds…
Life Science: Genes and Molecular Machines
Types of Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Advantages: These cells are able to work together and accomplish more things. It is typically easier for them to patch a wound.
They make up multicellular organisms.
Disadvantages: The organisms these cells make up will have a more difficult time hiding from predators.
These cells can reproduce through both sexual and asexual reproduction.
Prokaryotic Cells
They make up single celled organisms.
Advantages: These cells will have an easier time hiding from creatures that want to consume them.
Disadvantages: These cells will not be able to repair injuries.
These cells can only reproduce through asexual reproduction.
Heredity
Phenotype
Determined by genotype.
An organism's physical appearance.
Genotype
An organism's DNA.
Invisible to the naked eye.
Passed down from parent(s).
Cell Division
Mitosis
Ends with two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes.
The division of body cells.
Meiosis
Ends with four daughter cells, each with half the chromosomes.
Division of sex cells (gametes).
Flowering Plants and Seeds
Vegetative Propagation
Asexual reproduction.
When a part of a plant (such as a branch) is removed from the plant and grows into another plant.
Budding
Asexual reproduction.
When part of a plant pinches off and starts to grow another individual plant.
Cross Pollination
Sexual reproduction.
Caused by various pollinators, such as insects, mammals, and wind.
When pollen from the stamen, the male part of a plant, is transferred to the pistil, the female part of a plant. These plants are typically from the same species.
After the pollen reaches the pistil, it fertilizes the egg to create a seed, which is then released and can grow into another plant.
Some plants are able to self-pollinate, or send pollen from the stamen to the pistil of the same plant.