Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Breast cancer (Risk factors (Weight, Diet, Exercise, Alcohol consumption,…
Breast cancer
Risk factors
Weight
Diet
Exercise
Alcohol consumption
Smoking
Exposure to estrogen
Recent oral contraceptive use
Stress
Anxiety
Complications
Pain
Fatigue
Difficulty in breathing
Nausea
Diarrhea or constipation
Weight loss
Chemical changes in the body
Brain and nervous system problems
Unusual immune system reaction to cancer
Prevention
Limit alcohol
Don't smoke
Control your weight
Be physically active
Breastfeed
Limit dose and duration of hormone therapy
Avoid exposure to radiation and environmental pollution
Types of breast cancer
Metastatic breast cancer
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Triple negative breast cancer
Inflammatory breast cancer
Breast cancer during pregnancy
Clinical manifestations
Change in touch (may feel hard, tender or warm)
Irritated or itch breast
Lumps or nodes felt inside the breast
General pain in any part of the breast
Nipple discharge other than breast milk
Changes in the appearance of one or both nipples
Pre-operative & Post-operative care
Relieving pain and comfort
Managing postoperative sensations
Promoting positive body image
Promoting positive adjustment and coping
Monitoring and managing potential complications
Provide knowledge about planned surgical treatment
Treatment
Surgery
Lumpectomy
Mastectomy
Surgery to remove lymph nodes
Radiaton therapy
Chemotherapy
Hormone therapy
Pharmacotherapy
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
Pertuzumab (perjeta)
Diagnostic procedures
Breast exam
Mammogram
Breast ultrasound
Removing a sample of breast cells for testing (biopsy)
Breast magnetic resonance imaging
Nursing intervention
Monitor for adverse effects of radiation therapy such as Fatigue, sore, throat, dry cough, nausea, anorexia
Involve the patient in planning and treatment
Realize that a diagnosis of breast cancer is a devastating emotional shock to the woman
Describe surgical procedures to alleviate fear.
Monitor for adverse effects of chemotherapy, bone marrow suppression, nausea and vomiting, alopecia, weight gain or loss, Fatigue, dermatitis, anxiety and depression.
Staging and grading
Stage 2
The cancer is either in the breast or in the nearby lymph nodes or both
Stage 3
Means that the cancer has spread from the breast to lymph nodes close to the breast or to the skin of the breast
Stage 1
The cancer is small and only in the breast tissue or might be found in lymph nodes close to the breast.
Stage 4
The cancer has spread to other parts of the body. It is also called advanced cancer, secondary breast cancer or metastatic breast
Pathophysiology
Metastatic breast cancer may affect almost any organ in the body most commonly lungs, liver, bone, brain and skin
Most skin metastases occur near the site of breast surgery, scalp or metastases are also common
Breast cancer invades locally and spreads through the regional lymph nodes, blood stream, or both.
Metastatic breast cancer frequently appears years or decades after initial diagnos and treatment.