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Calf Disease (Calf Pneumonia (Common When: 4-5wks of age, Ill thrift,…

- - - - Increased secretion of fluid from gut cells (loss in intestine greater than absorption in colon)
    - - loss of intestinal integrity= reduced ability to absorb
        (fluid resorption in colon less than loss in intestine)
  - - - increased secretion, decreased absorption
        Calves sensitive- higher TBW
        = DECREASED serum Glu, Na, K, Cl
    - - loss of bicarb, decreased renal H excretion= low renal BF= unidentified organic acids in plasma
        = weakness, n signs, low reflexes
    - - dont want to eat if sick
        Tx= Dextrose 50% IV
    - - if in first 24hrs
        Tx: warm fluids
    - - Often coliform
        Sepsis= bacteria + immune response (Bacteraemia= bateria in blood, Endotoxaemia= endotoxins in blood)
        Systemic infl response (temp, HR, leukocyte)
        CS= hyperaemic mm, meningitis (penetrated BBB, extended neck, depressed, WBC in anterior chamber= opacity)
  - - - Overfeeding
        Sudden change in feed
        Incorrect mixing
        Bad milk replacer
    - - E. coli (Colibacillosis)
        
        First 3d
        
        Hypersecretory
        Enterotoxigenic E. coli
        
        POOR PROG.
        Send faecal culture, Test for FPT.
        
        Mx (env), vacc dams within 6 wks of calving
      - Salmonellosis
        
        ZOONOTIC, faecal-oral route.
        
        6d-2mnths
        
        Why- stress, mixing stock, recovered carriers, BVDV
        
        Acute septicaemia, pyrexia, wt loss, D+
      - Cryptosporidiosis
        
        Older
        
        faecal culture
        
        ZOONOTIC
        
        4d-4wks
        
        NOT MANY PRODUCTS CAN KILL
        depop area, apply products, wait 2 weeks, repopulate
      - C. perfringens (Enterotoxaemia)
        
        why- ingestion of lots of soluble CHO, protein/ milk
        
        <3mths
        
        Weakness, sudden death, D+
      - Viral
        
        Coronavirus
        
        Colon cell destruction
        
        1-3wks
        
        Rotavirus
        
        MOST COMMON CAUSE IN CALVES
        
        short infection, colostral AB give 48-72hr.
        THEREFORE= 4-14d
        
        stable in env, transmitted by cats, d, feral animals
        
        Mx (pick up calves more often)
        Vacc dam
    - - Coccidiosis
        
        Eimeria spp, ingest oocyte from faeces
        
        Cross protection btw spp, shed a paddock hygiene, good SR, dont mix ages etc EASY. monensin prophylaxis
        
        3wks (weaning)
        
        Tenesmus
      - Trichostronglyosis
        
        Do a FEC, Tx if high
        
        Ostertagia Ostertagi, Trichostronglylus axei, Haemonchus placei
  - - - Broad spectrum beta-lactams- Ceftiofur
        Potentiated sulphonamides= BEST (crosses BBB, low doses)
    - - Delivery:
        ORAL- if standing and suckling, alternate with milk (FINISH WITH ELECTROLYTES/FLUIDS)
        IV- if weak, no suckling reflex, low reflexes, cant stand
        
        Lactated Ringers solution (contains Lactate- dont use if acidic)
        
        Isotonic sodium bicarbonate
        
        Hypertonic Saline (to rapidly expand plasma V, combine with electrolyte, doesn't correct acidosis, 4-5 mL/kg)
        
        V and Rates
        
        Ideally= 30-50 mL/kg/hr
        Max= 8- mL/kg/hr for IV
    - - NSAIDS- as establishing fluid therapy
      - Probiotics- reseeding gut after AB