Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The Emergence of Modern ((The Neolithic Revolution
ca. 10,000 BCE
"…
The Emergence of Modern
The Neolithic Revolution
ca. 10,000 BCE
- "new stone age"
- agriculture emerges (10-12,000 yrs ago)
-
Silk Roads
100 BCE-1450 CE
- one of the most massive and encompassing trade routes connecting China, Europe and Western Asia
- allowed for trade & the spread of cultures and new technologies
- created by the Han Dynasty of China after the Ottoman Empire boycotted trade w/ China
The Mongol Empire
1206-1368
- first ruler: Ghengis Khan (1206-1227)
- largest empire in history in the 13th century
- civil wars began to break it apart
- destroyed by the black plague (1330's-1350's) & the Ming Rebellion in China (1368)
Mansa Musa I of Mali
1280-1337
- helped spread Islam
- during his reign, he became the top producer of gold in the world
- richest man to ever live
- depicted holding a gold coin from the 1375 Catalan Atlas
Ibn Khaldun
1332-1406
- "The Manuscript of the Muqaddimah" (1377)
- influenced by the Ottomans
- Islamic writer in Tunis, North Africa
- parents die from plague
- worried abt Berber tribesman disrupting the Saharan trade routes for gold
- supports history
Abraham Cresques
1325-1387
- Kingdom of Aragon
- Son of Sephardic Rabbi
- Cartographer
- Jewish
Characteristics:
- Cyclical societies
- Domus (domestication of plants and animals)
- Hierarchy
- Cosmology
- Religious language
Two "Neolithic Revolutions"
- America: maize and corn
- Europe, Asia and Africa: wheat & rice
Agricultural societies tended to be cyclical
- reliance on seasonal product
- depletion and replenishment of soil
- cycles of plenty, led to overpopulation
- Buddhism
- first religion to use printing to expand
- went from India into China, Japan and Southeast Asia
- Monks spread Mahayana Buddhism via silk roads
- Theravada Buddhism expanded along Maritime silk road
- Islam
- expanded into North Africa, Central Russia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East
- origin: Mohammad of Mecca (610)
- spread along silk roads into Afghanistan and India
- five pillars: Shahadah (belief in 1 god), Salat (prayer 5x a day), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), Hajj (facing holy Mecca), and Zakat (charity)
- Christianity
- expanded into Northern Europe and Western Russia
- Hinduism
- remained in Southern India until the 19th century
-
The Black Plague
ca. 1330-1350
- global epidemic that struck Europe & Asia
2 theories:
- Plague came out of China in 1330's and reached Europe by Silk Road in 1347
- Plague came out of the Black Sea region in 1347 & effected Europe & North Africa in 1352
"The Manuscript of the Muqaddimah" (1377)
- "Introduction to History"
- values history "The men in the street, the ordinary people, aspire to know it. Kings and leaders vie for it."
- he uses sources to prove his theories
- "writing history requires numerous sources and greatly varied knowledge. It also requires a good speculative mind and thoroughness."
- generational theories of empires : three generations, each is weaker than the one before, God allows the last to be destroyed.
- "Dynasties have a natural lifespan like individuals."
The Catalan Atlas
1375
- assigned by Prince John of Aragon
- Map of the Atlantic Ocean to China
- Rectangular, despite previous maps being round
- 6 charts
- portland sea chart & the didactic medieval Mappamundi
- Mappamundi + marine charts
- displayed in Paris museum
- source: Katrin Kogman-Appel “The Geographical Concept of the Catalan mappamundi,” in Patrick Manning and Abigail Owen, Knowledge in Translation (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018), 19-40.
Janet Abu-Lughod
1928-2013
- sociologist
- long distance trade
- argues that a pre-modern world system extending across Eurasia existed in the 13th century
- "ride of the West", beginning with the intrusion of armed Portuguese ships into the Indian Ocean in the 16th century was made possible by the fall of the previous world system
- social and economic development of global cities