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Trans- Atlantic Slavery and Enlightened Absolutism ((Absolutism in China,…
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Voltaire
(1694-1778)
- wants political and religious reforms
- popularizes Newton
- admiration for Englands parliament and prime minister
Louis XIV
(1661-1715)
- "sun king"
- Garden of versailles
- makes aristocrats come here to show them his current fashion
- famous hall of mirrors - reflects his "power"
- makes himself seem powerful
The French Empire
1742
- "New France"
- current day Louisiana
- fur trade
- lost power to Britain in 7 Years War
- Napoleon reclaims their land in early 1800's
- Saint Domingue
- current day Haiti (1659)
- French colony in the Caribbean
- Spanish colony until 1697
- 1697: 2,000 slaves vs. 1789: 500,000 slaves
- sugar and some tobacco
Collapse of the estates system:
- First estate: clergy - high to low
- Second estate: Aristocracy - Versailles
- Third estate: populace - merchants, artisans, shopkeepers, peasants & laborers
The 7 Years War
1756-1763
- Global war
- huge debt burden
- French have a revolution bc they can't get out of debt
Peter The Great
1682-1725
- Russian ruler, Emperor in 1721
- Adoption & printing of Julian calendar (1700-9)
- Capture of Azov in Black Sea from Ottomans (1696)
- "Grand Embassy" to Europe (1698)
- not interested in learning manners
- wants to learn how to build ships
- Russia delays a revolution
- enlightened absolutism
St. Petersburg
- on baltic sea
- founded new port in 1703
- new capitol in 1712
- geometric pattern
Vitius Bering
- peter the great sends him on a voyage across barring sea
- Russia take over Alaska
- Russian fur trading
Qing Dynasty
1644-1912
- scholar-emperor Kangxi (1661-1722)
- first great machu emperor
restricted europeans to canton
Printing Projects:
- Kangxi sponsored dictionary and encyclopedia printing and technical projects for color printing and copper plate engraving
- printing was for elite, unlike Japan and Britain
Military Power:
- Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689)
- Russia agreed to move their post out of the Amur River Basin
Chen Hongmou
(1696-1771)
- corruption of teachers and students w/ testing system
- women & non-Han Chinese should receive same education as Han men
- the "prosperous age" - expanding empire, pop. growth, growing cultiration, national market and export growth
Olaudah Equiano
(1745-1797)
The Interesting Narrative (1789)
- London 1789
- slave stolen when he was around 8
- brought on the middle passage
- enlightenment- him writing an autobiography
- had more self enlightenment than Locke bc his many names
- traveled across the world "cosmopolitism"
- baptized, had faith that God would make him free
- end of enlightenment
Chen Hongmou
(1696-1771)
"On the Duties of an Official"
"On Substantive Learning" (1750)
- corruption of teachers and students w/ testing system
- women & non-Han Chinese shoul drecieve same education as Han men
- the "prosperous age" - expanding empire, pop. growth, growing cultiration, national market and export growth
Race:
- invented in the late 1800's
- they justify slavery by race
Slave trade:
- millions of slaves were traded from West Africa
- the most popular destination was Brazil
- families were split up
- Britain, USA and British Caribbean had the highest slave trade volumes (1519-1867)
The Commodification of people:
- "Description of a slave ship", 1788, The Brookes
- anti-slavery ad
- legall carries 450, typically carries 6-7 hundered
- 10 voyages
Growing Resistance to Slavery:
- As more people are enslaved, resistance grows
- more slave results on the island bc poorer treatment
- punishments on land get really severe
- "A Negro Hung Alive" is an illustration that shows the extreme cruelty enslaved African Americans in the Americas endured
The Middle Passage
The stage of triangle trade were millions of Africans were forcibly transported to the new World as part of the Atlantic slave trade
- West Africa -----> West Indies
- across Atlantic
Triangle trade:
- Europe (guns) --> Africa (slaves) --> America (sugar)
- Indian Ocean Company - Indian cottons to Africa and America
- American goods: rum and voyage iron to Africa and provisions to the Caribbean