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Respiratory system Diana Calzada P.2 (Organs (pharynx (membrane-lined…
Respiratory system Diana Calzada P.2
Major functions
series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
primary organs of the respiratory system are the lungs, which carry out this exchange of gases as we breathe.
allows us to breathe and exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen.
acid-base balance, phonation, pulmonary defense and metabolism, and the handling of bioactive materials.
Organs
pharynx
membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus.
larynx
organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans
bronchi
airways that lead from the trachea into the lungs, and then branch into smaller bronchioles
trachea
large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe.
Lungs
pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest
Upper Tract
includes the nose and nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, the pharynx, and the portion of the larynx above the vocal folds
Lower Tract
portion of the larynx below the vocal folds, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.
Right and left
right lung is shorter, because the liver sits high, tucked under the ribcase,
right lung has three lobes, while the left has only two lobes.
left lung is narrower than the right to make room for the heart
right main bronchus is wider, shorter than the left main bronchus, which is thinner and longer.
ight main bronchus subdivides into three lobar bronchi, while the left main bronchus divides into two
Breathing occurs when the contraction or relaxation of muscles around the lungs changes the total volume of air within the air passages (bronchi, bronchioles) inside the lungs.
Tidal breathing is normal, resting breathing; the tidal volume is the volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled in only a single such breath.
External respiration occurs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolar air.
Internal respiration occurs in the metabolizing tissues, where oxygen diffuses out of the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells.
Disorders
Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic Bronchitis
Emphysema
Lung Cancer
Cystic Fibrosis/Bronchiectasis
Pneumonia
Pleural Effusion