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Chapter 8: Intelligence and Creativity (Intelligence as (Multiple…
Chapter 8: Intelligence and Creativity
Intelligence as
sensory capactity
abstract thinking
intelligence test: measure OVERALL THINKING ABILITY
abstract thinking: capacity to understand HYPOTHETICAL CONCEPTS
General vs. Specific abilities
g (general intelligence): hypothetical factor that accounts for overall differences in intellect among people
Fluid and Crystalized Intelligence
fluid intelligence: capacity to learn NEW WAYS to solve problems
global capacity to reason
ability to learn new things
think abstractly and solve problems
crystalized intelligence: BOTH knowledge acquired through EXPERIENCE and ability to USE that knowledge
prior learning and past experiences
based on facts
increases with age
Multiple intelligences
multiple intelligences: people vary in ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill
frames of mind: different ways of thinking about the world that are fully INDEPENDENT intelligences in their own right
Gardner's 8 intelligences
linguistic: word smart
logical-mathematical
musical
spatial: picture smart
bodily-kinesthetic: body smart
intrapersonal: self smart
interpersonal: people smart
naturalist
Triarchic model: 3 types of intelligences
analytical: academic problem solving/computation
creative: imaginative and innovative problem solving
practical: street smarts, common sense
Intelligence testing
intelligence quotient: means of quantifying differences among people in their intelligence
IQ = (mental age/chronological age) x 100
mental age: age corresponding to the average individual's performance on an intelligence test
Deviation IQ: how an individual deviates from the average IQ of 100 with IQ measured as a normal distribution with a standard deviation of +/- 15
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales: most WIDELY-USED intelligent test for adults, 15 subsets assessing different types of mental abilities
Environmental influences on IQ
School makes us smarter
socioeconomic struggles related to NUTRITIONAL DEPRIVATION
Mindsets
fixed mindset: intelligence is static
growth mindset: intelligence can be developed
Creativity
divergent thinking: capacity to generate MANY different solutions to a problem
convergent thinking: capacity to generate SINGLE BEST solution to a problem
emotional intelligence: ability to understand our emotions and those of others around us and apply this info to our lives
grit: severance + passion to achieve goals