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Gunpowder Empires in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (Ottoman Empire…
Gunpowder Empires in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
established whenever they revolted against the Mongols who were weakened
Zheng He (1371- ca. 1433)
expeditions from Nanjing to advertise greatness of China
advertised the growth of China's views and ideas throughout Asia
Yongle Emperor (1402-1424)
changing the capital from Nanjing to Beijing
revised the Great Canal and made it bigger
making it easier to transport goods
Crisis in the north
Great Wall needed repairs due to several fights with the Mongols
decided it was in there best interest to repair the wall and see it as one of their strongest weapons
Ming Banknote (ca. 1400)
paper money
someone in China got someone to agree with them that the paper money actually meant that much- faith
revolutionary invention
flying cash
dragons on the money says it is the great ming and it is to circulate forever
Mughal Empire (1526-1857)
Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur (1483-1530)
conquered parts of India where he established the Mughal Empire
tried numerous times to conquer Samarkand but was unsuccessful
Battle of Panipat (1526)
fought between Babur and Lodi who ruled parts of northern India
Lodi's people were not happy with him and wanted Babur to rule
Babur invaded Lodi and with less soldiers he won
overcame Lodi's army by using artillery and gunpowder for the first time
Akbar (1556-1605)
ruler who helped lead the Mughal empire to victory over most of India and spread through the subcontinent
seen as one of the greatest for his influential power
Ottoman Empire (1359-1922)
most important empire
Fall of Constantinople (1453)
Ottoman army attacked the Byzantines for Constantinople
Ottomans used canons and guns and the walls began to fall
53 day siege and ended the Byzantine empire
Edward Gibbon is a author who wrote "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire."
explains how the Ottoman arose
Mehmed II
overcame Constantinople and helped the Ottoman Empire grow with the help of the janissaries- a strong military class
Costantinople was made the capital for the Ottomans
The Battle of Zonchio (1499)
Ottomans vs. the Vietnamese
first significant use of cannons on ships
Kemal (1451-1511) and Piri Reis (ca. 1470-1553)
important sailor and pirate who brought their maps and skills to help the Ottoman
Battle of Lepanto (1571)
fought on the water between the Christian, "Holy league," and the Ottoman
Ottoman were defeated
World Mao created in 1513
"Book of Sea" is created with 290 maps helping them
Spanish Empire (1492-1808)
fighting over the Canary Islands
Christopher Columbus (ca. 1451-1506)
asked King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to support his voyage to find the "Indies" At first they said no but later agreed after his conquest of Grenada was a success
third voyage he was arrested for misleading the settlers and sent back to Spain to face the royals
Charges were dropped but he lost his role as governor
1502, he convinced the King of one more voyage. in search of a route to the Indian Ocean. He was unsuccessful in his search and was sent back to Spain.
Pope Alexander VI
issues a decree that any discovered lands west of an imaginary line that runs through eastern Brazil belongs to Spain and east Portugal. He does this to help Columbus
bull Inter caetera on May of 1493
Treaty of Tordesillas
Spain and Portugal
even division in the Atlantic Ocean for the two countries
Pieces of Eight (1573-1598)
worlds first global currency
front of the coin is decorated with the coat of arms of the Habsburgs
Safavid Empire (1501-1736)
Sunni Tribalism (bey) vs. Sufi Religious Brotherhood (wali)
Safaviyya—Kurds, Azerbaijanis, Greeks, Persians as Sufis in Ardabil Shrine
Safavid Dynasty (1501-1736): Ismail I and the adoption of Shia Islam (1501)
Double Attack:
Ottoman purges of Shi’ites (1502) and invasion of Safavid Empire (1514)
Portuguese seizure of Ormuz (1507-1622) and Bahrain (1521-1602)
Adoption of gunpowder and bureaucratic methods—teach to Mughals (1526-1857)
Anglo-Persian Alliance (1622)—the Rise of British Power
Portuguese Empire (1415-1807)
trading posts
Cantino planisphere (1502): Smuggled to Ferrara in Italy from Portugal by Alberto Cantino
Portuguese Voyages to the African Coast
1482: Establishment of El Mina Castle
1497-99: Vasco da Gama to Malindi and Calicut
1456: Colonization of Cabo Verde Islands (1456)
1507-1511: Afonso de Albuquerque to Ormuz (Persian Gulf, 1507), Goa (India, 1510) and Malacca (Southeast Asia, 1511)
1446: Slave and Gold Trade Begins
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500-1558) vs. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)
Ottoman vs. Spanish
Burbank and Cooper