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Respiratory System Leslie Ayala P.2 (Anatomy of the respiratory tract (The…
Respiratory System Leslie Ayala P.2
Major functions of the respiratory system
2 main functions
Distribution of Air: Filters, warms, humidifies air
Gas exchange: supplies oxyegn and removes carbon dioxide
Other functions
Filters irritants from inspired air and eliminates them through coughing and sneezing
Enables sound protection as expired air passes over the vocal chords
Controls acid base balance and blood pH
Allows olfaction (smell)
Disorders of the respiratory system
Asthma
Caused by chronically inflamed, hypersensitive bronchial passages caused by allergens
Symptoms: Shortness of breath, chest pain, trouble sleeping, whistling or wheezing when exhaling
No cure but can usually be traeted with medication
Smoking
In a smokers lungs they appear dark and mottled owing accumulation of inhaled tar and impurities from cigarettes
Definitions of lung capacity terminology
Intrapleural Pressure
pleural cavity pressure becomes more negative as chest wall expands during inspiration
Intrapulomary pressure
Pressure inside lungs decreases as lung volume increases during inspiration; pressure increases during expiration
Anatomy of the respiratory tract
The respiratory system consists of tubes that filter, warm and moisture incoming air and transport it into the microscopic alveoli where gases are exchanged
Nasal Cavity
Nostril
Pharynx
Trachea
Oral Cavity
Larynx
Organs of the respiratory system and location
Upper respiratory tract
Larynx
Helps keep particles from entering the trachea
A framework of muscles and cartilage and cartilage bound by elastic tissue
Pharynx
A common passageway for air and food
There are 3 subdivisions.regions
Nasopharynx- superior region behind nasal cavity
Oropharynx- Middle region behind mouth
Laryngopharynx- Inferior region attached to larynx
Nose
Supported by bone and cartilage, provides an entrance for air in which air is filtered by coarse hairs inside the nostrils
Lower respiratory tract
Bronchioles
Lungs -Right and left soft, spongy, cone-shaped lungs
separated medially by the mediastinum
Bronchi -Consists of branched mucous membrane-lined tubes leading from the
trachea to the alveoli that warm, moisten, and filter incoming air
Alveoli- Produce (coats alveolar surfaces)
allows alveoli to expand
Trachea -Extends downward anterior to the esophagus and into the thoracic cavity,
where it splits into right and left primary bronchi
Breathing Mechanism- Is the movement of air from outside the body into, and then out of the lungs (composed of : Inspiration and Expiration)
Respiration (Ventilation, breathing)
Mechanics of breathing (Pulmonary ventilation)
Changes in size and shape of thorax cause changes in air pressure within the thoracic cavity and the lungs
Internal and external respiration
Internal Respiration
Oxygen moves out of the blood in the capillary and into tissue cells
Oxyhemoglobin- Breaks down into oxygen and hemoglobin
Carbon dioxide moves from tissue cells into capillary blood
Hemoglobin combines with carbon dioxide, forming carbaminohemoglobin
External Respiration
External nose includes root, bridge, apex