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Language and the brain- Week 19 (Broca and Wernicke. p. 292 IP (Aphasia -…
Language and the brain- Week 19
Studies on stroke victims provide insight into language and the brain. p.285 IP
Stroke
A loss of blood supply to a part of the brain resulting in a disruption of brain function
Can happen due to blockage or bursting of blood vessels
150,000 people suffer from stroke each year
Neurons
A type od cell involved in transmitting messages between different parts of the brain
Cells die due to lake of oxygen and nutrients
The Stroke Association produced.... P.287 IP
F.A.S.T
F =Facial Weakness
A = Arm Weakness
S =Speech problems
T =Test these symptoms
Psychologists are often involved in rehabilitation of stroke patients through therapy
Computer technology treatments to practice speech and audirory abilities to encourage regrowth of connections
Get patient to point with left hand whilst saying a word or expression to activate the right side of the brain if speech is damaged on the left. p. 316 IP
Music therapy- sounds with a particular action such as banging on drums
Singing through MIT -Melodic Intonation Therapy to encourage speech development along with hand tapping to the beat. To help speaking capacity
Phrenology
Study of the contours of the head and trying to link it's function of various parts of the brain. i.e large frontal area is associated with....
Franz Joseph Gall p.289 IP
Views were disputed ...A) It was believed that psychological processes are not rooted in the brain. B) All parts of the brain play a part in psychological processes
Broca and Wernicke. p. 292 IP
Influence on the development of neuropsychology
Neuropsychology
Relationship between the brain and psychological processes
Phineas Gage- iron bar in his brain after an accident changed his personality but language and other processes were unaffected
Studied the cortex - the outer layer of the brain
Hemisphere - Left and right side of the brain
Principle of localisation -Certain psychological functions are associated with certain regions of the brain
Limitations
Gregory 1961- claimed theres no direct link between symptom and brain region. Its more complex system
Brains Plasticity to adapt and compensate for missing abilities
Doubts whether localisation of function relates to emotions
Psychosurgery- a treatment for different types of mental illness-practiced 1930s and 1950s
Results showed that there was no specific relationship between emotions and locations of the brain
Functioning might be attributable to areas below the cortex - MRI brain scans of preserved brains showed this. p.307 IP
Views were contested for religious reasons
Aphasia - speech impairment or language disorder
Brocas Aphasia - disruption to language due to brain damage
No problems understanding language though
Left hemisphere damage
Wernike's Aphasia - Disturbances to both comprehension and speech in a different part of the brain
Proposed both Brocas and Wernike's areas interact with eachother for normal language processing
Left hemisphere near the back
Motor Homunculus- A functional map of the motor cortex showing the functions the motor cortex has control over
Damage to one side of the brain. I.e Left...affects the right and vice versa
Sign language also utilises broca and wernikes areas of the brain
Other techniques for studying the brain
Wada
General anaesthetic injected into one part of the brain -often used before surgery to see if surgery will cause impairment to cognitive processes
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Looks at the structure of the brain
fMRI - Functional brain imaging
Looks at the activity of the brain by monitoring blood flow
Arcuate fasciculus
Pathway where neurons communicate from one side of the brain to another