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WEEK 2 THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT (Human Relations (Hawthorne Study (Social…
WEEK 2 THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT
Organisations
What
collective goals
limits are clearly defined
clearly defined hierarchy
consist of people
social arrangements
Why
synergy
Increased performance
working together
To facilitate a divison of labour
Formal system of responsibility and authority
effectiveness
Classical
$$
Criticisms
ignores psychological needs of workers
money is the only motivator
ignores the importance of formal and informal work groups
anti-union
Henri Fayol
Henri Fayol
Principles & functions of management
▪ Frederick Taylor
Scientific management
• Time and motion study
• Scientific methods instead of old rule of thumb
techniques
• Scientific selection & training
• Money as a motivational tool
▪ Frank & Lillian Gilbreth
▪ Henry Gantt
▪ Charles Bedaux
Principles and functions
Scientific Management
more key thinkers
Max Weber
obey three those in authority
traditional
charismastic
rational-legal
bureaucracy will increase efficiency
based on expertise and displine
Human Relations
Hawthorne Study
Social > $
individual identity = member of group
Maximise efficiency/effectiveness
Formal/informal groups
humans are most important
employee satisfaction > organisation goals
Motivation
Motivated employees> increase sales
link to Modern HR practices of "self-managed work team"
Systems
Expresses synergy
social-technical
Influenced by environment
Treats an organisation as a system
Closed
Open
Describes the right approach for organisations
Focuses on the relationships between parts
Contingency
Organic
Human factors prioritised ie employee wellbeing, social factors
Mechanistic
Classical focus ie profit is the sole motivator
roots can be based on system theory