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60 y/o with history of obesity and DM who experienced a heart attack…
60 y/o with history of obesity and DM who experienced a heart attack
Smoking
Poor eating
Limited exercising
HTN and other health issues
Stress
Anatomy
Coverings
Pericardium
Double wall sac- two layers
Fibrous pericardium
Protection/ prevent overfilling
Serous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Lines internal surface
Visceral layer
On external surface of heart
Layers of heart wall
Epicardium (visceral pericardium)
Myocardium
Bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells
Cardiac skeleton
Interlacing layer of connective tissue
Endocardium
Innermost layer
Internal features
Four chambers
2 superior atria
2 inferior ventricles
Interatrial septum
Separates atria
Interventricular septum
Separates ventricles
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Heart valves
atrioventricular valves
between atria and ventricles
semilunar valves
between ventricles and major arteries
prevents back flow from major arteries
prevents backflow into atria
Pathway of the heart
Right side
SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary arteries
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Left side
Four pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Mitral valve
Left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Aorta
Systemic circulation
Pathway of blood through the heart
Right atrium receives oxygen- poor blood from body
Pumps it to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
Right ventricle pumps the oxygen- poor blood to the lungs though the pulmonary valve
Left atrium receives oxygen- rich blood from the lungs
Pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve
left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve out the rest of the body
Heart sounds
Closing of valves
First sound is closing of AV valves
Second sound is closing of SL valves
Lub-dup
Gap junctions
Sequence of excitation
sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular bundle
Right and left bundle of branches
Subendocardial conduction network
The intrinsic conduction sys
Action pot. initation by pacemaker cells
Pacemaker potential
K+ channels are closed but slow Na+ channels open
Causing interior to become more positive
Depolarization at threshold
Ca2+ channels open allowing influx of Ca2+
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Stroke Volume
Blood pumped out by one ventricle each heart beat
Preload
Contractility
Strength of contraction
Afterload
Back pressure exerted by arterial blood
Stretch of heart muscle just before contraction
Blockage of an artery
this cuts off blood supply to the heart
Heart muscle starts to die
If blockage is untreated the damage could be permanent
Plaque build up
Can rupture an artery