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Body Systems (Skeletal (Allows movement, provides support, protects other…
Body Systems
Skeletal
Allows movement, provides support, protects other body parts, forms new blood cells, & stores minerals
Major structures: Scapula, femur, pelvis, rib cage, & clavicle
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Pelvis: Support the weight of the upper body when sitting and transfer weight to the lower limbs when standing
Rib Cage: Protects the chest, where vital organs such as the heart and lungs are located
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Diseases: Osteoporosis (density & quality of bones is reduced), Scoliosis (sideways curvature of the spine), & Arthritis (joint inflammation)
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Link: The skeletal system and the muscular system work together. The bones protect the body’s organs, support the weight of the body, and give the body shape. The muscles attach to these bones, pulling on them to allow movement of the body.
Muscular
Function: Stabilize joints, maintaining posture, producing movement, moving substances within the body, stabilizing body position, regulating organ volume, & producing heat
Major structures: Skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, tendons, & abdominals
Skeletal Muscles: Organs that attach to bone, they provide support, movement, & homeostasis
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Diseases: Muscular Dystrophy (weakness of the muscles), Tendinosis (degenerative tendon disease), & Fibromyalgia (chronic pain)
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Link: The muscular and the nervous systems work together, because the muscles provide the brain information about body position and movement. The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle. The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract.
Nervous
Diseases: Alzheimer’s (affects brain function, memory, & behavior), Cerebral Palsy (body movement & muscle coordination), & Epilepsy (excessive & abnormal brain activity)
Major structures: brain, spinal cord, sensory nerve, motor nerve, & neurons
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Link: The nervous system works with the digestive system, because the digestive system stores and digests food. The autonomic nervous system controls the tone of the digestive tract. The brain controls muscles for eating and elimination.
Function: Collect sensory input from the body, process the sensory input, & respond to the sensory input
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Respiratory
Function: consists of the organs that provide the body with a continuous supply of oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide
Major structures: Alveoli, bronchiole, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
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Disease 2: Chronic Bronchitis- Inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs
Disease 3: Cystic Fibrosis- Affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices. It causes these fluids to become thick and sticky. They then plug up tubes, ducts, and passageways.
Care: Some ways to care for the respiratory system are to stop smoking and stay away from second hand smoke, avoid indoor and outdoor air pollution, and avoid exposure to people who have the flu or other viral infections.
Link: The respiratory system works closely with the muscular system. The muscular system helps push air into and out of the respiratory system through the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm, which is a muscle. The respiratory system has the lungs that delivers air to the muscles.
Endocrine
Function: regulates long term changes in the body such as growth and development. It also controls many of your body's daily goals
Major structures: hypothalamus gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal gland
Hypothalamus gland- body temperature, feelings of sleep or hunger, and signals other regions to release hormones
Pituitary gland- controls growth, reproduction, and metabolism
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Adrenal glands- control adrenaline during stressful situations, and salt and water balance in the kidneys
Disease 1: diabetes mellitus- a disorder in which the pancreas produces too little insulin resulting in high blood glucose levels
Disease 2: Graves disease- a disorder in which an overactive and large thyroid glands produces excessive amounts of thyroxine
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Care- get proper sleep because without enough sleep no hormone in the body would function naturally, avoid sugar alcohol and excess caffeine because they weaken the blood liver and the adrenal glands and as a result can lead to unhealthy hormone function
Link- The endocrine system interacts with the circulatory system as this system transfers the hormones throughout the body, the kidney assists in secreting hormones meaning the excretory system interacts with the endocrine system.
Link- The endocrine system interacts with the circulatory system as this system transfers the hormones throughout the body. The kidney assists in secreting hormones. The excretory system interacts with the endocrine system. because the kidneys are part of the endocrine system.
Disease 2: Jaundice- Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes from a backup of bile metabolic by-products from the blood into body tissues.
Disease 3: Cirrhosis- A degenerative disease of the liver that often develops in chronic alcoholics, but can have other causes. The name refers to the gross appearance of the organ.
Care- eat probiotics because it can assist and enhance the performance of digestion and absorption by including healthy bacteria, stay hydrated because fiber pulls water into the colon to create softer bulkier stool, manage stress because stress levels have an impact on your food choices and managing stress prevents from binge eating or making unhealthy decisions.
Disease 1: Gastroesophageal reflux disease- heartburn, weakness of the valve between the esophagus and stomach may allow stomach acid to reflex
Link: The digestive system works very closely with the circulatory system. They work together to get the absorbed nutrients distributed throughout the body. The circulatory system also carries chemical signals from your endocrine system that control the speed of digestion.
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