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6.3 non sustainable agriculture (industrial agriculture (harmful (loss of…
6.3 non sustainable agriculture
traditional agriculture
low input: 20% world food crops
subsidence
sun energy
human labor
animal drafting
enough for fam survival
intensive
farmers obtain high yield crops
human/animal draft increase in input
animal manure for fertilizer, water
feed fam
sell for income
benefits
polyculture: various crops in same place
yr round food=crops mature at diff times
keeps topsoil covered to reduce erosion from wind/water
less need for fertilizer/water
diversity
slash and burn
burning/clearing small plots in tropical forest
organic
natural fertilizers
animal manure
veg waste
low yield :food produced/unit of land
industrial agriculture
increase crop yield:food produced/unit of land
25% cropland more developed countries
80% world food
plantation agriculture
industrial in less developed tropical countries
bananas
coffee
soybeans
sugarcane
palm oil
tech advances
irrigations
flood irrigation
furrow irrigation
spray irrigation
synthetic fertilizers
synthetic pesticides
green revolution
monocultures
more water, fertilizer and pesticdes
crops grown per year
farm subsidies
harmful
heavy equipment=lots of gas
lots of capital
large amounts of fossil fuels
large amounts of water
large amounts of pesticides/fertilizers
no support for independent/subsidence farmers
use 70% of freshwater
use 38% of world land
25% of world greenhouse gas
60% of water pollution
loss of biodiversity
agrobiodiversity
seedbanks
soil erosion and degradation
topsoil:fertile top layer
stores water and nutrients
provides vital eco services
nutrient recycling
renewable resource
nutrients not removed faster than natural process to replenish
soil erosion
veg removed thru activities
farming
deforestation
overgrazingg
flowing water
sheet erosion
rill erosion
gully erosion
problems
loss of soil fertility
water pollution
release of carbon
desertification
drought
human activities
soil degradation
excessive irrigation
degrade soil
pollute water
soil sanitization
waterlogging
water consumption
aquifer depletion
70% freshwater removed
solutions
use drip irrigation
irrigate at night
grow less thristy crops
organic polyculture farming
water pollution
60% water pollution
sediments intro streams
poisonous pesticides
fertilizers runoff into water=eutrophication
pesticides/pest control
competes for food
invades homes/gardens
destroys building materials
spread disease
invades ecosystems
synthetic pesticides
insecticides
herbicides
fungicides
rodenticides
variety
selectivity
persistence
benefits
same human lives from insect borne disease
increase food supplies
alternative to plowing weeds out
reduce soil erosion
work fast
stored/shipper easily
problems
harm wildlife
kill natural predators/parasites that control populations
applied inefficiently=pollute enviro
dangerous tu human health
dont stay effective for long
expensive for farmers
GMO food
cross breeding
artificial selection
slow
reduces genetic biodiverse
genetic engineering
GMOs
cheaper/faster
enviro issues
health issues