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Prostate Cancer (Key Facts (Most are slow growing but some can be…
Prostate Cancer
Key Facts
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The majority of prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas arising in the peripheral zone of the prostate gland
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Diagnosis
Trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) and biopsy - DIAGNOSTIC (histological diagnosis is essential before treatment)
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Digital rectal exam - Hard, irregular prostate
Epidemiology
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By the age of 80 yrs, 80% of men have malignant foci within the gland but most of these appear to lie dormant
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Pathophysiology
Spread may be
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Haematogenously - bone (sclerotic bony lesions) or less common; brain, liver and lung
Local - seminal vesicles, bladder and rectum
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Clinical Presentation
Weight loss, bone pain and anaemia suggest metastasis
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Differential Diagnosis
BPH, prostatitis, bladder tumours