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Acid and base (Ionisation of acid and base (Distinguish strong and weak…
Acid and base
Ionisation of acid and base
Strong acid
HA (g or l) → H+ (aq) + A– (aq)
Strong base
MOH (aq) → M+ (aq) + OH– (aq)
B (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ BH+ (aq) + OH– (aq)
Weak acid
HA (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + A– (aq)
Distinguish strong and weak acid-base
electrical conductivity
Rate of reaction
pH
Strength of conjugate acids and bases
B-L Theory of acids and bases
acid
donate a proton
base
accept a proton
conjugate acid and base
Amphiprotic species
Properties
reactions with metals
produce salt and hydrogen gas
Reaction with bases
produce salt and water
Reaction with metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates
produce salt carbo dioxide gas and water
pH=-log[H+]
[H+]=10^-pH
pOH=-log[OH-]
Acid-base indicatiors
litmus
Acid→red
Base→blue
Universal indictor
Lewis theory of acids and bases
acid
electron pair acceptor
base
electron pair donor
Neutralisation reaction
acid +base(or alkali) → salt +water
Acid-base titration
Ka=[H3O+][A−]/[HA]
Kb=[BH+][OH−]/[B]
pKa + pKb = pKw
Kw=[H+][OH-]=1.00 x 10^-14 mol^2 dm^-6
pKw = pH + pOH at 298K = 14
