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The Respiratory System Leslie De La Rosa p.4 (Lung Capacity Terminology…
The Respiratory System Leslie De La Rosa p.4
Differences Between:
Right and Left Lung
Left Lung
2 Lobes
Upper and Lower
one bronchus
Narrow
Right lung
3 Lobes :Upper, Middle, and Lower
cardiac impression
shorter and wider due to the liver being up and closer to it
Left and Right Primary Bronchi
Left Primary
thinner and longer
divides into 2 lobar bronchi
Right Primary
wider and shorter
subdivides into 3 lobar bronchi
Anatomy
Lungs
Right and Left Bronchus
Respiratory Zone: Bronchi-oles, alveolar ducts, sacs and alveoli
Site of gas exchange
Air inside lungs: Low Pressure Air out of lungs: High Pressure
Pressure inside lungs increases than that of the outside
external and inter-coastal muscles
Pleurae: forms the serosa
parietal pleurae covers thoracic cavity wall and superior side of diaphragm
produces pleurae fluid that fills the cavity
divides cavity
Lung Capacity Terminology
Tidal Volume: Normal breath
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) : amount of air remaining in lungs (combined RV and ERV)
Inspiratory Capacity (IC): total amount of air inspired after normal TV (sum of TV and IRV)
Vital Capacity (VC): exchangeable air )sum of TV, IRV, and ERV)
Residual Volume (RV): air that remains in lungs that keeps alveoli open and prevents lungs from collapsing
Total Lung Capacity (TLC): sum of all lung values
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): air expelled after normal tidal volume
Dead Space: inspired air fills conducting respiratory passageways and does not contribute to gas exchange
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): amount of air forcibly inspired
Disorders
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
Pneumothorax
collapsed lung (air leaked into pleural space)
Lung Cancer
uncontrolled cell growth and tumors in lungs
Asthma
chronically inflamed hypersensitive bronchial passage caused by allergens
Tuberculosis
bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
Black Lung Disease
caused by mineral dust
Pneumonia
Bacterial or vital infection of lungs
Smoker's Lung
lungs appear dark and matted
Seasonal Flu
Vital infection that rapidly change year by year with changing symptoms as well
Organs and Location
Upper
Para-nasal Sinuses
Pharynx
Nasal Cavity
Larynx
Lower
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Diaphragm
Breathing Mechanism
the contraction of muscles around the lungs change the total volume
Inspiration occurs when the inspiratory muscles (diaphragm and the external intercostal muscle)contract.
air pressure inside the lungs decreases below that of air outside the body
-gases move from regions of high pressure to low pressure, air rushes into the lungs.
Expiration occurs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax
Major Functions
Gas exchange in the lungs and tissue levels
Olfactory senses
Sound from larynx
exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen