cardiovascular disease
diet
smoking
lack of exercise
high saturated fats diet
can increase levels of LDL
low density lipoproteins
cholesterol plus a protein
can cause atherosclerosis
regular exercise
lowers blood pressure
decreases stress
tobacco
damages lining of the arteries
causesvatherosclerosis
carbon monoxide in tobacco
reduces amount of oxygen in your blood
so the heart pumps harder
nicotine in tobacco
causes the heart to beat faster
raises blood pressure
risk factors
alcohol
smoking
carcinogens
increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes
the more fat you have in your tummy
abdomen
liver disease
liver breaks toxins in alcohol
much alcohol
1st stage of liver disease
liver becomes fatty
eventually cirrhosis of the liver develops
if you continue to drink too much alcohol
brain functional damage
alcohol affects nerve cells
in the brain
then become damaged
brain mass may also shrink
COPD
group of lung diseases
causes difficulty for people to move air in and out of their lungs
two examples
bronchitis
emphysema
bronchi and bronchioles are inflammed
swollen
excess mucus is produced
affects alveoli
walls are broken down
trapping excess air
narrows airways
makes it difficult to get rid of CO2
and take in O2
needed for respiration
smoking is the main cause
responsible for 9 out of 10 cases
lung cancer
most common and serious types of cancer
44,500 people are diagnosed
every year
UK
symptoms
persistent cough
frequent chest infections
coughing up blood
breathlessness
causes
85% linked to smoking
NHS
tobacco smoke
contains over 60 toxic chemicals
some substances are cancer causing
carcinogenic
25+ cigarettes a day
25 x more likely to get lung cancer
than a non smoker
some people who have never smoke get lung cancer too
all cigarettes must now be sold in plain packaging and with graphic images and health warnings
by law
tobacco contains over 4000 chemicals
one being carbon monoxide
smoking whist pregnant
increases the risk of
miscarriage
premature births
sudden infant death symdrome
SIDS
during pregnancy
medical experts are still unsure how much alcohol is safe to drink
whilst pregnant
and advises pregnant women not to drink any alcohol
first 3 months
heavy drinking
can increase risks
miscarrige
premature birth
can lead to Foetal alcohol syndrome
FAS
children with FAS have
poor growth
facial abnormalities
learning difficulties
substance/form of radiation
that can cause cancer
some carcinogens cause cancer by damaging the DNA directly
others can speed up cell division
making mutations more likely
tobacco
alcohol
occupational carcinogens
ionising radiation
smoke can cause cancer in various places
lungs
oesophagus
larynx
mouth
throat
kidney
bladder
pancreas
stomach
cervix
voice box
causes cancers in the:
mouth
larynx
oesophagus
liver
breast
voice box
over 40 known carcinogens in the work environment
these need to be carefully controlled
so workers don't get too exposed to them
asbestos causes lung cancer
obesity
can knock electrons off the atoms in DNA
causing changes that can lead to cancer
radiation in medical treatments
radon gas
x-rays
UV
its a toxic gas that reduces the amount of oxygen available to an unborn baby
type 2 diabetes
cells in the body are less sensitive/less resistant to insulin
body cannot control the concerntration of glucose
in the blood