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An elderly, 70-year-old female patient recently retired from her long-time…

- - - - Age
        
        Her age is a factor because with age comes a weakened immune system
        
        Increased age also makes some have an elevated risk for altitude sickness
      - Presence of viral infection
        
        The presence of a viral infection ( pneumonia) was aggravated by the higher altitude
        
        low oxygen levels in the blood that stemmed from the viral infection along with low oxygen levels in the air cause an impaired ability to absorb an adequate amount of oxygen into the blood stream
      - Location
        
        Location is related to her condition because of the altitude
        
        ascending to a high altitude with its accompanying large decrease in alveolar PO2
        
        results in a large decrease in hemoglobin saturation
        
        this can cause headache, nausea, and in serious cases pulmonary edema
        
        the location is causing her to experience hypoxia
        
        it decreases partial pressure of the atmosphere so that when she inhales she is breathing in less oxygen
- - - - mucus build up forms from the inflammation in the alveoli causing a wet, wheezy cough
    - - because of high altitude the vessels in the lungs constrict
        
        the constricting causes increased pressure
        
        the increased pressure causes fluid to leak from the blood vessles
        
        the fluid leaks to the lung tissues and into alveoli
        
        fluid accumulates causing a build up in the lungs
        
        resulting in pneumonia
      - tissue swelling occurs
        
        accumulation of fluid and leukocytes in lung
        
        this increases the thickness of respiratory membrane
    - - she is experiencing shallow breathing because of the inflammation and fluid build up in her lungs
      - the respiratory membrane has thickened because of fluid in the lungs
        
        the capacity for gas exchange is impaired
        
        this decreases the diffusion of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries
  - - - headaches
      - heart problems
      - faintness
      - poor sleep
    - - causes difficulty breathing
      - breathing can become rapid or irregular
      - can lead to respiratory failure
    - - there becomes a lack of oxygen in the blood stream
      - can lead to respiratory failure
      - difficulty breathing
      - can lead to death
  - - - shows increased leukocytes trying to help fight infection
      - also cause inflammation in the alveoli and surrounding tissue
      - causes fever
    - - lack of oxygen being transported in the blood
      - infection can spread from lungs to circulatory system
    - - causes the heart to work harder to pump blood
      - causes increased heart rate
      - can invade the heart and cause heart failure
- - - - Pleural membrane
        
        Parietal pleura
        
        Visceral pleura
      - Lobes
        
        Superior lobe of left lung
        
        Inferior lobe of left lung
        
        Cardiac notch
      - Alveoli
      - Pulmonary Artery
      - Pulmonary Vein
      - Bronchiole
        
        Primary bronchus
        
        lobar bronchus
        
        segmental bronchus
        
        smaller bronchi
      - Alveolar duct
      - Alveolar sac
      - Alveolus
      - Type 2 Cells
      - Dust cells/Macrophages
      - Lingula
      - Oblique fissure
      - Apex
      - Base
      - Type 1 cells
    - - Lobes
        
        Superior lobe of right lung
        
        Middle lobe of the right lung
        
        Inferior lobe of the right lung
      - Pleural membrane
        
        Parietal Pleura
        
        Visceral Pleura
      - Alveoli
      - Pulmonary Artery
      - Pulmonary Vein
      - Alveolar Sac
      - Alveolus
      - Type 2 Cells
      - Dust cells/Macrophages
      - Bronchiole
        
        Primary bronchi
        
        Lobar bronchus
        
        segmental bronchus
        
        smaller bronchi
      - Base
      - Apex
      - Oblique fissure
      - Hilum
      - Type 1 cells
  - - - oxygen diffuses from an alveolus into the blood within the capillary
        
        and carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction
      - respiratory membrance consists of an alveolar epithelium
        
        composed of an alveolar type 1 cell
        
        and their fused basement membranes
      - the respiratory membrane consists of a capillary endothelium
        
        composed of an endothelial cell
        
        and their fused basement membranes
  - - - Increased volume causes decreased pressure
      - P1V1=P2V2
    - - the relationship of partial pressure to total pressure
    - - at any given temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is dependent upon partial pressure of the gas in the air
        
        and the solubility coefficient of the gas in the liquid
  - - - pressure exerted by a gas in a mixture of gases
    - - ascending to a high altitude
        
        causes decrease in alveolar P02
        
        this results in a decrease in hemoglobin saturation
        
        this is referred to as altitude sickness
        
        causes headaches, nausea, and difficulty sleeping
        
        in severe cases it can cause pulmonary edema
      - causes hypoxia