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Chapter 13: The Presidency (Other Presidential Things (Pocket Veto (A…
Chapter 13: The Presidency
Concept of the U.S. Presidency
Executive
A person or group that has administrative and supervisory responsibilities in an organization or government.
Weak-Executive Model
A model of the presidency in which the executive would have a limited term, no veto power, and be allowed to exercise only the authority explicitly granted by Congress.
Strong-Executive Model
A model of the presidency in which the powers of the executive office are significant and independent from Congress.
The Development of the Presidency
Expansion of Presidential Power
1.The energy associated with individual executives
Vague constitutional provisions that assertive presidents have used to broadly interpret their powers
Changing public expectations of the office
Congressional delegation of power and authority through law
Restrictive View of Presidential Power
A view of presidential power that argues that the president can exercise only those powers listed in the Constitution.
Stewardship Doctrine
A view of presidential power that states that the president is a steward of the people and should do anything the nation needs that is not prohibited by the Constitution.
Prerogative View of Presidential Power
A view of presidential power, promoted by Abraham Lincoln, that argues that the president is required to preserve the Constitution and take actions to do so that otherwise might be unconstitutional.
Positive Government
The idea that government should play a major role in preventing or dealing with the crises that face the nation.
The President and the Presidency
Executive Office of the President (EOP)
The organizational structure in the executive branch that houses the president’s most influential advisors and agencies. The most important include the White House Office, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the National Security Council, and the Council of Economic Advisers.
White House Office
A section of the Executive Office of the President that houses many of the most influential advisors to the president, including the chief of staff; the White House legal counsel; presidential speechwriters; the president’s press secretary; assistants for domestic, foreign, and economic policy; and liaisons with Congress, the public, and state and local governments.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
An agency of the Executive Office of the President that is responsible for assisting the president in creating the budget.
National Security Council
A group of presidential advisors made up of the vice president, the attorney general, and cabinet officers chosen by the president to advise the president on national security issues; it is part of the Executive Office of the President.
Council of Economic Advisors
An agency of the Executive Office of the President that is responsible for advising the president on the U.S. economy.
Organization of the Presidency and Presidential Effectiveness
Hierarchical Model
A method of organizing the presidency that calls for clear lines of authority and that delegates responsibility from the president and through the chief of staff.
Spokes-of-the-Wheel Model
A method of organizing the presidency that calls for the president to be the center of activity, with numerous advisors reporting directly to the president.
Executive Agreements
Agreements between the United States and other nations, negotiated by the president, that have the same weight as a treaty but do not require senatorial approval.
The President as Public Opinion Leader
Going Public
A political strategy in which the president appeals to the public in an effort to persuade Congress to support his or her political goals.
Other Presidential Things
Pocket Veto
A maneuver in which the president allows a bill to die by taking no action within 10 days if Congress has adjourned.
Party Polarization
A distribution of preferences in which party means diverge toward opposite poles with little or no overlap in the center.
Unilateral Powers
Presidential directives that carry the weight of law even though they have not been formally endorsed by Congress.
Executive Orders
Directives of the president that have the same weight as law but are not voted on by Congress.
Signing Statements
Pronouncements of how the president intends to interpret and apply a law when he or she signs a bill into law.
National Security Directive
A type of executive order with the force of law authorizing federal agencies or officials to take some action to protect national security.