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Helminthic infections of the GI tract (Nematodes (roundworms) (Ascaris…
Helminthic infections of the GI tract
Nematodes (roundworms)
Bisexual
Cycindrical
Stronglyloides stercoralis
Pinworm/ threadworm
Transmission by active skin penetration by larvae and systemic migration through lung to intestine
Pathogenesis
Disruption of small intestine mucosa
Villous atrophy
Marked loss of elasticity of intestinal wall
Clinical manifestations
Dysentery (persistent in immunocompromised hosts)
Malabsorption syndrome
Anal pruritis
Association with appendicitis
Trichuris trichura
Whipworm
Transmitted by swallowing infective eggs from vegetables
10,000 eggs produced daily
Ascaris lumbricoides
Giant roundworm
Transmitted by swallowing infective eggs
Large thick white worm 20-30cm
Females produce approximately 20,000 eggs/ day fro, 65 days after infection
Clinical manifestations
Allergic reaction in sensitised people
Digestive upsets
Protein/ energy malnutrition
Intestinal blockages
Worm may invade mouth nose etc.
Enterobius vermicularis
Pinworm/ threadworm
Females migrate to anus at night to lay approximately 10,000 eggs which can develop to infective stage within hours
Clinical manifestations
Intense itching
Secondary bacterial infection
Mild catarrhal inflammation
Diarrhoea
Slight eosinophilia
Ancylostoma duodenale
Hookworm
Often picked up waking barefoot in infected areas
Attaches to small intestine, sucks blood and protein
Causes hypochromic anaemia
Often present in large numbers
Transmission
Often soil-transmitted
Diagnosis by stool microscopy
Cestodes (tapeworms)
Elongated flatworms
Segmented
Hermaphrodite
Taenia solium
Acquired from ingesting worms or eggs in undercooked pork
Reside in large intestine
Can grow up to 7m
Have a scolex for attachment
Trematodes (flukes)
Leaf-shaped flatworms
Mainly hermaphrodites
Rare in humans