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The environmental movement (How it began (why (https://photos.state…

- - - - Aldo Leopold, a professor of wildlife management who was pivotal in the designation of Gila National Forest in New Mexico in 1924 as America;s first national wilderness area.
      - Leopold introduced the concept of a land ethic, arguing that humans should transform themselves into citizens of it.
  - - - There were concerns about hydrogen bomb testing on Bikini Atoll, oil spills off of the California coast, and the use of insecticides and other chemicals.
      - In the 1960's the pollution of the great lakes became a rallying point for environmentalism.
        
        The pollution of Lake Erie and its nearby waterways was so great that debris on the Cuyahoga River caught fire and created thousands of dollars in property damage. The so-called Lake Erie Fire became media sensation and helped push environmentalism into the public consciousness.
        
        This severity of a lake so polluted that it caught fire inspired the Randy Newman song "Burn On." Lake Erie became a symbol of environmental destruction and opened the eyes to many people.
      - The first area of environmental concern was more traditional sense of preservation. Oil spills. lake fires, and other environmental disasters lead to a push or continued and increased preservation of America's wilderness and natural landscapes.
    - - The Clean Water Act of 1972 is the basic framework legislation on water regulations. The act regulates water quality and also how pollutants are discharged into water
      - The Clean Air Act of 1970 focuses on the control of air pollution. One of the more significant aspects of the law is the ability for the Environmental Protection Agency to establish are quality standards to protect public health and welfare.
  - - - April 22, 1970, the date of the first Earth Day celebration in the United States, is often accredited as the start of the environmental movement. On this day, 20 million Americans filled parks and took to the streets in a nationwide teach-in and protest about critical environmental issues facing the U.S and the world.
      - Other point to May 28, 1892, as the day when the U.S. environmental movement began. That is the date of the first meeting of the Sierra Club, which was founded by noted preservationist John Muir and is generally acknowledged as the first environmental group in the U.S.
      - Muir and other members of the Sierra Club were largely responsible for preserving the Yosemite Valley in CA and persuading the federal government to establish Yosemite National Park.
    - - 1963
        
        Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall publishes The Quiet Crisis, an early call to arms on environmental pollution. Udall will go on to become a pioneer for environmental legislation.
      - 1962
        
        June
        
        After Carson's book was deemed a "gross distortion of actual facts" by the chemical industry, Kennedy charges his Science Advisory Committee to review the book's claims. It was reported that the conclusions in Silent Spring are correct, and by 1972 DDT will be banned in the U.S.
        
        Between 1950-1962 the amount of DDT found in human tissue had tripled
        
        Rachel Carson's Silet Sprin is published. Acclaimed as the catalyst of the modern environmental movement, it condemns the overuse of pesticides.
        
        Congress amends the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955 to fund a study conducted by U.S. Surgeon to investigate the health effects caused by automobile exhaust.
      - 1960
        
        Worldwide levels of carbon dioxide will climb above 300 PPM
      - 1956
        
        July 9
        
        An amendment to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948 strengthens the governments ability to enforce regulations and gives the Federal Government control over individual states' consent where health is endnagered
      - 1956
        
        April
        
        The SIerra Club gains national recognition for protesting construction of the Echo Park Dam in Dinosaur National Monument in Utah. After lobbying, Congress removed the Echo Park Dam from the CO River project.
      - 1955
        
        July 14
        
        Air Pollution Control Act passes congress, becoming the first piece of legislation to address air pollution. Despite its declaration to combat air contamination, the act puts regulation largely in the hands of individual states and gives no intent of enforcement to the federal government.
        
        January
        
        Eisenhower speaks on the problem of air pollution in his state of the Union address, and in a special message to congress he calls on the Public Health Service to study "effective methods of control."
      - 1953
        
        February
        
        The Silent World by Jacques Cousteau introduces the world to underwater adventure. Ushering in a new global interest in oceanic life.
        
        November
        
        Heavy smog in NYC exacerbates asthma and other lung conditions, killing 170-260 people.
      - 1951
        
        October 22
        
        The Nature Conservancy is established in Washington D.C.as an organization with the mission to protect ecologically important lands and waters around the world.
      - 1948
        
        September
        
        Paul Ehrlich enters Univ. of PA to study zoology. He links the disappearance of butterflies in NJ to the spraying of DDT. And fear the same will happen to humans.
        
        October 30-31
        
        In Donora, Pa, 20 people die and over 600 are sent to the hospital after sulfur dioxide emissions from a nearby steel and wire plant desced on the form of smog.
        
        June 30, Postwar period
        
        Congress passed the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
- - - - Rachel Carson
        
        The writer of Silent Spring. She used this book to describe a world ailed with chemicals polluting the water, air, and soil bringing sickness to humans and wildlife alike. Amidst personal attacks on her charterer from pesticide manufacturers, she testified before congress in 1963 to urge for new regulations to preserve human and environmental health. Her efforts led to the banning of sales of DDT in 1972