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HISTORY 1ST CHAPTER REVISION (Terms of the TOV (War Guilt (Germany had to…
HISTORY 1ST CHAPTER REVISION
Consequences of TOV for Germany
Political violence
Kapp Putsch (1920)
People didn't like the TOV so they had a revolution
Managed to be stopped by the Berlin workers going on a general strike, cutting off essential services such as power and transport
Ebert's gvt was saved but the revolution just added on to the people's sufferings
Munich Putsch (1923)
Led by Hitler, who subsequently got thrown in jail
Hitler was let off lightly as many shared his hatred for the TOV
Assassinations
Germany's foreign minister Walther Rathenau got assassinated (1922)
Conflict in the Ruhr (1923)
Couldn't pay the reparations (in 1922)
French & Belgians got mad and took over Ruhr
Took what was owed to them in the form of raw goods and materials
Many atrocities carried out by the French
German gvt ordered the workers to go on strike so that there would be no goods for the French to take. French ended up killing them
Damaged Germany's economy even more
Had to help the people there
Ruhr was one of Germany's major industrial regions
Hyperinflation
To solve the problem of not having enough money, the German gvt printed more money
Money became virtually worthless and prices shot up
Good for gvt and big industrialists as they could pay off their debts
Bad for the common people & middle class--> left practically penniless
A middle class family could buy a house in 1921, but with the same amount of money, they could barely buy a loaf of bread in 1923
Wages had to be paid daily instead of weekly
Terms of the TOV
War Guilt
Germany had to accept the blame for starting the war
Germans particularly hated this as they did not think that it was solely their fault
Reparations
6.6 billion pounds
Decided on the amount without consulting the Germans
German territories and colonies
Changes to its borders and land
Lost 10% of its land in Europe
Lost 12.5% of its population
16% of its coalfields and almost half of its iron and steel industry
Alsace-Lorraine
Be returned to France
Saarland
Run by the LON and then a plebiscite would be held after 15 years
Union between Austria and Germany was forbidden
100% of their colonies were taken by the LON from them, which effectively meant that Britain and France controlled them.
Germany's armed forces
Disarmament
Limited
6 naval ships
100,000 men
Conscription banned
no armoured vehicles, submarines or aircrafts
Rhineland -- demilitarised
Basically, only allowed 100,000 men, no air force and only a tiny navy
Huge insult to Germans
Their army was a symbol of German pride
100,000 was too small for a country of Germany's size
Despite Wilson's 14 points calling for disarmament, none of the Allies were being asked or forced to disarm in the same way
League of Nations
Set up as an international police force
Germany not allowed to join until they proved themselves to be a peace-loving country
Germans felt pretty insulted