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34 year old male presents with recent development of AIDS. Had a…
34 year old male presents with recent development of AIDS. Had a diagnosis of HIV over a year ago. questioning treatment and why he cannot have antibiotics.
Patient's adaptive immune system is being slowly shut down by HIV and the inability of T cells to fight off infection and activate other Leukocytes.
Patient is now relying on innate immune system. He must be much more careful as to not cause any breech in his skin or other physical batrriers of the innate system. He must also take care around people who are ill and contagious. If the patient was to catch an illness from the community, it could prove too hard for his body to fight off and he could succumb to a simple illness.
HIV vs AIDS-
HIV- human immunodeficiency virus. transmitted in bodily fluids. HIV targets CD4 protein on Helper T Cells. sets up shop in host cells and uses reverse transcriptase to produce viral RNA. The virus cranks out copies of the viral RNA to infect and multiply in other cells. HIV destroys Helper T Cells depressing both branches of adaptive immuity. Reverse transcriptase is not accurate, creates many mutations.
AIDS- acquired immune deficiency syndrome- condition resulting from HIV- "Stage 3 HIV" develops when HIV has cause severe damage to one's immune system. HIV has effectively destroyed the adaptive immune system by taking out Helper T Cells. Pt has to rely on innate immune system to fight off pathogens. Simple, normally not severe illnesses are now severe because the body cannot fight them off at a cellular level.
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DIRECT CAUSE
Infection of HIV thru infected bodily fluid coming into contact with patients's own fluids or mucus membranes. Contact thru sexual activity, transfusion of infected bloods or coming into contact with an infected person's fluids. HIV targets and shuts down Helper TCells, effectively shutting down the adaptive immune system. The adaptive immune system can no longer fight pathogens that are infecting the body.
Lytic v Lysogenic cycles
Lytic- "reproductive"
- virus attatches to host and injects DNA
- New viral components constructed
- Host cell lyses "dies" and new viruses are released.
Lysogenic- doesn't kill host cell. creates copies of viral DNA
- virus attatches to host and injects DNA
- viral DNA integrates its DNA into host chromosomes
- Host cells and viral DNA replicate and divide
- When triggered the virus becomes active
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INDIRECT CAUSE
Constant bombardment on patient's adaptive immune system from HIV. Rapid HIV production inside cells causing more cell infection. Adaptive immune system is basically shut down. Patient now has to rely on Innate immune system to fight off as much infection as possible. not a very good system on its own.
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Patient condition has progressed from HIV to AIDS because the helper T cells are being attacked. helper T cells help activate B cells and other Tcells to fight pathogens. Without helper T cells there is no adaptive immune system.
Indirectly the virus has caused the patient to become susceptible to illnesses that a person who has a normal, functioning immune system may be able to fight off.
The virus is called AIDS- acquired immune deficiency syndrome- because it is a condition of HIV. HIV has been left untreated and has damaged the patients immune system to the point that the adaptive immune system is no longer able to function to any usable degree. While it is possible that his adaptive immune system has working parts, the TCells that have been destroyed were a large player in the health of the individual.
If untreated the patient will eventually succumb to any variety of common illnesses. His body will not be able to fight off any infection. Respiratory infections are particularly dangerous.
The immune system has 2 parts, innate and adaptive. The innate is the basic physical parts of the immune system. The adaptive is the system that is affected by HIV and AIDS. As long as the patient has no history of conditions pertaining to his skin or other physical barriers, the innate part of his immune system is working. The innate is not enough to keep a person healthy and living for long. He will be immunocompromised for the rest of his life.