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Concept Care Map (Assessment (Assessment upon Admission (B/P: 130/70 mmHg,…

- - - - In emphysema, the inner walls of the lungs' air sacs (alveoli) are damaged causing them to eventually rupture. This creates one larger air space instead of many small ones and reduces the surface area available for gas exchange. Emphysema can be caused by smoking, exposure to air pollution, irritating fumes and dusts at work.
    - - An inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles caused by exposure to irritants. Bronchitis affects only the airway but not the alveoli. Chronic inflammation increases the number and size of mucous glands which will increases the amount of mucous. The bronchial walls thicken and impair airways. This thickening airways block some of the smaller airways and narrow larger ones.