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DIABETES MEL Screenshot_20201113-172601-1 LITUS (Pathophysiology (The…
DIABETES MEL
LITUS
Definition
Group of metabolic disorders caused by inadequate insulin.
Resulting in elevated blood glucose levels,( Mogotlane,2008).
Pathophysiology
The capacity for kidneys to reabsorb glucose from glomerular filtrate is exceeded.
The glomerular filtrate glucose exerts an osmotic diuretic effect.
Hyperglycaemia then causes hyperosmolarity.
Hyperglycaemia occurs.
Resulting in polyuria and glucosuria
This happens when the pancreas produces little or no insulin.
Intracellular deficiency causes polyphagia.
It occurs when there is insulin deficiency.
Classifications
Type II Diabetes- occurs due to insulin resistant tissues
Gastational Diabetes- occurs during pregnancy
Type I Diabetes- lack of insulin secreted by the pancreas
Malnutrition- related DM- occurs between ages 10 and 40
Risk factors
Obesity
Diet and lifestyles
Genetic factors e.g. family history
Signs and symptoms
Polyphagia
Weight gain
Polydipsia
Blurred vision
Polyuria
Nursing management
Refer patient to a dietician a flexible meal plan
Advice patient to do regular exercises
Health educate patient on lifestyle changes
Provide insulin therapy and anti-diabetics as prescribed.
LITUS