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34 Year old male diagnosed with AIDS (Background (Organs and cells In the…
34 Year old male diagnosed with AIDS
Background
Organs and cells In the Immune System
Organs
Liver
Thymus
Cells
B- cells
Make antibodies
Plasma cells
Memory B-cells
T-cells
Direct path of Pathogens/Infected cells
Cytotoxic T-cells
Helper T-cells
Memory T-cells
Regular T-cells
APC
Present antigens
Macrophages
B-cells
Dendritic cells
Lytic and Lysogenic cycles
Lytic cycle
Virus attaches to a cell and injects its DNA
The viral DNA circularizes
The viral DNA continues the lytic cycle or enters lysogenic cycle
New viruses are made
The cell lyses which releases the virus
Lysogenic cycle
The Virus attaches the to a cell and injects its DNA
The viral DNA circularizes
The Viral DNA continues the lytic cycle or enters the lysogenic cycle
Innate and Adaptive parts of Immune system
Innate (Nonspecific) Defences
First and Second line of defense and doesn't matter the disease.
Surface (External) Barriers
Skin
Sebum
Acid
Ketatin
Mucous Membrane
Cilia
Antibacterial proteins
Lysosomes
HCL
Internal Defensive
Fever
Caused by
Stimulates high metabolism
Damages pathogens
Pyrogens
NK cells
Secrets
Perforins
Cytolytes
Histamines
Cytokines
Antimicrobial Proteins
Interferons
Makes cells resistant to viral reproduction
CRP (liver)
Binds to pathogens to mark it for destruction by macroohages
Phagocyte
Eosinophyls
Mast cells
Neutrophils
Inflammation
Response to infection causing
Dilation of the blood vessles
Redness
Pain
Swelling
Release of Leukocytosis
Attracting neutrophils
Adaptive (Specific) defenses
Specific to genetics and third line of defence
Humoral Immunity
B cells
Antibody mediated
Triggered by
Incomplete (Haptens)
Antigenic determinants
Antigens complete
Self antigens (MHC class 1 and 2)
When it encounters antigens
Clones itself
Makes plasma proteins
Produces antibodies
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Cellular Immunity
T cells
When activated by Antigens
Stimulates macrophages to hunt and destroy pathogens
APC (Dendritic cells)
Present antigens to T and B cells
It wants to find the right match to start the cloning process
Viral v.s Bacterial infection and how they are treated
Viral Infection
Cant survive without a host
Only reproduce by attaching themselves to a cell
Parasitic
Sometimes leads to death
How can it be treated
Drinking fluids to prevent dehydration
Plenty of rest
Take OCT pain medication
Take OCT decongestant
Bacterial Infection
Single cells
Can be reproduced on it own
Can live almost everywhere
How can it be treated
Youll have to take a special antibotic
Specifically made to kill certain bacteria
Difference between AIDS and HIV
AIDS
Most devestating
Cripples the immune system
Interfering with the activity of helper T-cells
Caused by HIV
No cure has been found
HIV
Transmitted by
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Blood
Enters the body by
Blood contaminated needles
During Sexual intercourse
Infected mother to her fetus
Upstream
Downstream