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Respiratory System Ana Cendejas…
Respiratory System Ana Cendejas Period:7
Major Functions
Distribution of air: filters, warms, humidifies air
Gas exchange: supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
Breathing
External Respiration: exchanges gases between the lungs and the bloodstream
Internal Respiration: exchanges gases between the bloodstream and body tissues
Air vibrating the vocal cords creates sound
Olfaction or smell
Difference between the left and right lung
Left lung- long and narrow, close to the heart, and has one bronchus
Right lung- Wide, short, and has two bronchi
Difference between left and right primary bronchi
Left primary bronchi- thinner, longer , divides into 2 bronchi
Right primary bronchi- short, wider, divides into 3 lobar bronchi
Organs and location
Upper Respiratory Tract: Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, and Trachea
Lower Respiratory Tract: Bronchi, Bronchioles, Lungs, and Alveoli
Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract
Consists of tubes that filter, warm, and moisturize incoming air and transports into microscopic alveoi
Nose: Air enters nose through external nostrils
Nose Cavity: Olfactory receptors located in mucosa on superior surface and moistens air and trapss incoming foreign particles
Paranasal Sinuses: Reduces the weight of the skull and serves as resonant chamber
Larynx: Keeps particles from entering the trachea
Pharynx: Common passage for food and air and aids in producing sounds for speech
Lung capacity terminology
Tidal Volume : Normal breathing
Vital capacity : Maximum volume that can be exhaled
Inspiratory reserve volume: additional maximal inhalation
Expiratory reserve volume: additon air expired during exhalation
Residual volume: keeps alveoli inflated
Inspiration
Movement of air into lungs
Diaphragm flattens during inspiration
External intercostal- contraction moves ribs and sternum upward and outward increasing the size of the thoracic cavity
Expiration
Movement of air out of the lungs
Elastic recoil of lung tissue aids in expiration
Forceful expiration involves decreasing the size of the thoracic cavity by coughing and singing
Internal intercostal muscles contraction depresses rib cage decreasing the front to back size of the thorax
Respiratory Disorders
Tuberculosis- bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by weaken immune system. Symptoms- fever and fatigue, and coughing
Seasonal Flu- a viral infection caused by inhaled in respiratory. Symptoms- dry cough, headache, and body ache
Pneumonia- bacterial or viral infection on the lungs caused by viral infection. Symptoms- chest pain
Lung cancer- uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in lungs caused by smoking. Symptoms- shortness of breath, and weightloss
COPD- chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder caused by tobacco smoke. Symptoms- chronic cough, and tight chest
Breathing mechanism
When the diaphragm and intercostal relax, the lungs and thoracic tissues recoil and the lungs volume lower. This causes the pressure within the lungs to get higher than the atmosphere making air to move out of the lung.