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25.3 & 25.4 (The United States had the same resources as Britain and…

- - - - Smith’s basic ideas were supported by British
        economists Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo. Like Smith, they believed that natural laws governed economic life. Their important ideas were the foundation of laissez-faire capitalism. capitalism is an economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit. These ideas also helped bring about the Industrial Revolution.
      - many people did not want to try and help the less fortunate such as ideas presented by david ricardo who believed that people who were poor will always be poor, and that as the population grew the wages should shrink so the factory would still be making the same amount of profit. more fortinate peoples refused to help the poor because they said they would loose money. people were very selfish at this point i time.
    - - although there were many that belaved in ideas like david ricardo, there was a large majority that disagreed and beleaved that the people at the top should be helping the poor. Socialism grew out of an optimistic view of human nature, a belief in progress, and a concern for social justice. Socialists argued that the government should plan the economy rather than depend on free-market capitalism to do the job. They argued that government control of factories, mines, railroads, and other key industries would end poverty and promote equality. Public ownership, they believed, would help workers, who were at the mercy of their employers.
    - - factory workers faced long hours, dirty and dangerous
        working conditions, and the threat of being laid off. By the
        1800s, working people became more active in politics. To
        press for reforms, workers joined together in voluntary labor associations called unions. A union spoke for all the workers in a particular trade. Unions engaged in collective bargaining, negotiations between workers and their employers. They bargained for better working conditions and higher pay. If
        factory owners refused these demands,union workers could go on strike or refuse to work.
      - Skilled workers led the way in forming unions because
        their special skills gave them extra bargaining power.Management would have trouble replacing such skilled workers as carpenters, printers, and spinners.Thus, the earliest unions helped the lower middle class more more than they helped the poorest workers.
    - - Almost from the beginning, reform movements rose in response to the negative impact of industrialization. These reforms included improving the workplace and extending the right to vote to working-class men. The same impulse toward reform, along with the ideals of the French Revolution,also helped to end slavery and promote new rights for women and children.